桩基础生命周期能源消耗及环境影响评价

发布时间：2018-08-09 14:16

【摘要】：建筑的能源使用在我国能源消耗中所占比重很大,与此带来的环境问题也非常严重。但随着近几年人们环保意识的增强和相关政策的不断出台,越来越多研究者开始着手研究建筑相关的节能减排措施,国内节能减排工作也确实取得了一定的成效。然而,国内大多研究者对建筑节能的研究仅仅停留在建筑使用时间段内,而往往忽略了广义上的建筑节能。尽管使用阶段的节能仍然是建筑全生命周期节能的主要环节,不容置疑,但其他阶段的节能减排措施也不容忽视。因此,从其他阶段研究建筑节能措施将会成为今后的一大发展趋势。而桩基础作为现代建筑中最为重要的基础形式之一,必将会受到广泛的研究。本研究在剖析我国面临的能源和环境挑战的基础上,将生命周期理论应用于桩基础能耗和环境影响评价中,建立了能耗和二氧化碳排放量计算模型,并运用所建立模型对十余个混凝土灌注桩和预应力管桩的工程实例进行分析,得出：预制管桩的单位能耗约在1343.2kJ/kN-m,单位C02排放量约在175.6g/kN-m;而钻孔灌注桩的单位能耗约在1188.4kJ/kN-m,单位C02排放量约在134.9g/kN-m.此外,桩基础的材料生产阶段能耗所占比例最大,钻孔灌注桩约为总能耗的68.4%,预应力管桩则达到了79.3%。建立PC,PHC等多个标准型号的管桩能耗和二氧化碳排放量表,并在其基础上得出相应的估算公式。通过实例所反映出来的不同桩型能耗和二氧化碳排放量之间的差异,可以为设计人员在桩型选择上提供一个参考,并为今后改进桩基础施工方法提供思路。研究中所提到的基本材料能耗和二氧化碳排放量计算方法,也可为各类基础材料或基本构件的能耗计算提供一个借鉴,从而更加科学合理地对目标进行评价。
[Abstract]:The energy use of buildings accounts for a large proportion of energy consumption in China, and the environmental problems caused by it are also very serious. However, with the enhancement of people's environmental awareness and the introduction of related policies in recent years, more and more researchers have begun to study energy conservation and emission reduction measures related to buildings, and domestic energy conservation and emission reduction work has indeed achieved certain results. However, most domestic researchers only focus on the study of building energy efficiency, and often ignore the broad sense of building energy saving. Although the energy saving in the use stage is still the main link in the whole life cycle of the building, there is no doubt that the energy saving and emission reduction measures in other stages should not be ignored. Therefore, the study of building energy conservation measures from other stages will become a major development trend in the future. As one of the most important foundation forms in modern architecture, pile foundation will be widely studied. Based on the analysis of the energy and environmental challenges faced by China, the life cycle theory is applied to the energy consumption and environmental impact assessment of pile foundation, and a calculation model of energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions is established. The engineering examples of more than ten concrete cast-in-place piles and prestressed pipe piles are analyzed by using the established model. The results show that the unit energy consumption of prefabricated pile is about 1343.2kJ / kN-mand the unit CO2 emission is about 175.6g / kN-m.The unit energy consumption of bored pile is about 1188.4kJ / kN-mand the emission of CO2 is 134.9gkkN-m. In addition, the proportion of energy consumption in the material production stage of pile foundation is the largest, the bored pile is about 68.4% of the total energy consumption, and the prestressed pipe pile is 79.3%. The energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission table of several standard models such as PC-PHC are established, and the corresponding estimation formulas are obtained on the basis of these tables. The difference of energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission between different pile types reflected by examples can provide a reference for designers to select pile type and provide ideas for improving the construction method of pile foundation in the future. The energy consumption of basic materials and the calculation method of carbon dioxide emissions mentioned in the study can also provide a reference for the calculation of energy consumption of all kinds of basic materials or basic components, so as to evaluate the target more scientifically and reasonably.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU473.1;TU-023

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