深圳市桃源街区可步行性测度及验证研究

发布时间：2019-01-06 14:07

【摘要】：满足人们安全、便捷、舒适的步行出行需求一直是城市建设的重点目标之一，尤其是在机动车数量快速增长的背景下，可步行性已成为反映城市活力和居民低碳出行效率的重要标准。北美城市运用可步行性测度方法得出的步行指数为衡量城市的可步行性水平提供了标准，而国内的相关研究刚刚起步，就目前公开的学术资料中尚未看到对该方法在我国城市中的实际应用。本文尝试借助GIS平台将该方法应用于深圳市局部片区并探讨其应用策略。鉴于北美城市与深圳实际情况的不同，在应用过程中针对城市结构、街区尺度、步行环境及居民出行习惯等方面存在的差异对原测度方法进行一系列优化和调整，并验证测度结果的有效性。首先，基于两地城市结构不同，认为在深圳以组团为研究对象更有意义，选定桃源街区为研究范围；基于居民出行习惯差异，结合我国设施分类的相关规定和居民实际需求调整居民日常使用设施类型和设施权重，依据居民对步行舒适时间、容忍时间和抵抗时间的接受范围，调整步行衰减曲线；基于步行环境的差异，定量评估步行路径上阻塞点、障碍物等对可步行性得分的影响，明确灯控人行横道、天桥等过街设施对步行通行成本的增量；基于街区尺度的差异，提出街区层面网格划分方法的改善策略，步行起始点的选取方法以及步行可达设施的得分叠加原则等。依据可步行性测度原理，，借助GIS平台对基础数据进行处理和运算，得到各起始点的可步行性得分，并通过空间插值实现对桃源街区可步行性测度结果的可视化表达。其次，通过在桃源街区的问卷调查和观察统计等多方法校核，对比该测度结果反映的信息和居民真实步行出行情况是否相符，评估可步行性测度结果的有效性。基于该测度结果，本文对桃源街区整体可步行性进行了分析和解读，对街区内各街坊的可步行性进行对比，同时将桃源街区的可步行性与街区内设施分布、人口分布、房价上涨趋势等进行关联性分析，探讨其可能存在相关关系等。最后，依据测度结果反映的信息和相关性解读，对可步行性测度在城市建设过程中的应用思路和启示进行分析总结，提出下一步的研究方向。
[Abstract]:Meeting people's safe, convenient and comfortable walking demand has always been one of the key goals of urban construction, especially in the context of the rapid increase in the number of motor vehicles. Walkability has become an important standard to reflect urban vitality and residents' low-carbon travel efficiency. The walking index of North American cities using the walkability measure method provides a standard for measuring the level of walkability of cities, but the relevant research in China is just in its infancy. The practical application of this method in Chinese cities has not been seen in the published academic data. This paper attempts to apply this method to the local area of Shenzhen with the help of GIS platform and discuss its application strategy. In view of the difference between North American cities and Shenzhen, the original measurement method is optimized and adjusted according to the differences in urban structure, block scale, walking environment and residents' travel habits. The validity of the measure results is verified. Firstly, based on the difference of urban structure between the two places, it is considered that it is more meaningful to form a group in Shenzhen, and Taoyuan block is chosen as the research scope. Based on the difference of residents' travel habits, combined with the relevant regulations of facilities classification and the actual needs of residents, the types and weights of daily use facilities of residents are adjusted, and the acceptance range of residents' walking comfort time, tolerance time and resistance time is based on the residents' acceptance range. Adjust the decay curve of walking; Based on the difference of walking environment, the paper quantitatively evaluates the influence of blocking points and obstacles on walking path, and clarifies the increment of crossing facilities such as light controlled crosswalk, flyover and other crossing facilities on walking cost. Based on the difference of block scale, this paper puts forward the improvement strategy of grid generation method, the method of selecting the starting point of walking, and the principle of score superposition of walking reachable facilities. According to the principle of walkability measure, the walkability score of each starting point is obtained by processing and calculating the basic data with the help of GIS platform, and the visual expression of walkability measurement result of Taoyuan block is realized by spatial interpolation. Secondly, by means of questionnaire survey and observation and statistics in Taoyuan district, this paper compares the information reflected by the measurement results with the actual walking situation of residents, and evaluates the validity of the walkability measurement results. Based on the measurement results, this paper analyzes and interprets the overall walkability of Taoyuan block, compares the walkability of each neighborhood in the block, and at the same time, compares the walkability of Taoyuan block with the distribution of facilities and population distribution in Taoyuan district. This paper analyzes the relationship between the rising trend of house price and so on. Finally, according to the information reflected by the measurement results and the interpretation of the correlation, the paper analyzes and summarizes the application of the walkability measure in the process of urban construction, and puts forward the next research direction.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU984;U491

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