微生物有机肥对枸杞荧光参数和生长结实及土壤养分的影响

发布时间：2018-07-20 20:11

【摘要】：枸杞（Lycium Barbarum L.）是我国重要的药食两用特种经济植物资源和传统的出口农产品。枸杞属多年生落叶灌木，人工栽培经过修剪可呈小乔木状，是一种具有多种经济性状的植物，需肥量大，由于多年生长在同一地点，每年都会从土壤中吸收大量的营养物质，因此土壤的营养状况直接影响果实的产量和品质。需通过施用微生物有机肥及时提供植株生长发育所需要的营养物质，不断地改善土壤的理化性状，提高土壤肥力，进而提高植株的光合能力，达到高产、优质的最佳效果。本研究以甘肃景泰玉杰农贸有限公司种植园中的5年生宁杞1号为试验对象，采用随机区组试验设计，试验设腐殖酸生物有机肥4个施肥量水平处理（株施1kg、2kg、3kg、4kg）,以株施8kg普通有机肥（羊粪）为对照；另设沼液1个施肥量水平处理（株施1L）、腐殖酸生物有机肥1个施肥量水平处理（株施kg）及百欧盖恩微生物有机肥1个施肥量水平处理（株施1kg），以不施任何有机肥为对照。通过测定枸杞叶片叶绿素荧光参数、生长和产量以及品质、土壤养分等指标的变化，分析评价不同处理对枸杞生长发育的影响，探索适宜枸杞栽培的腐殖酸生物有机肥的施肥用量以及更适宜枸杞生长的肥料种类，为研究枸杞生理生态特性以及提高栽培效益提供实践指导。研究结果表明：（1）施用腐殖酸生物有机肥能提高枸杞叶片叶绿素荧光参数，如PSⅡ最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、PSⅡ的潜在活性（Fv/Fo）、表观电子传递速率（ETR）、实际光化学量子产量Yield（Ⅱ）等，而明显降低非光化学淬灭（NPQ），进而提高光合生产力；而且有利于枸杞生长发育状况，比普通有机肥CK（羊粪）更有助于增加枸杞株高、冠幅、地径及新梢生长，随着肥料用量的增加，均呈先增加后降低的趋势，而且还能提高枸杞单株产量，特别是株施3kg此肥料后，单株产量高达1.46kg.株-1。（2）施用腐殖酸生物有机肥不仅可提高枸杞果实的百粒重及枸杞有效成分的含量，但当肥料用量超过4kg时，多糖、类胡萝卜素及甜菜碱含量反而会降低；另外，腐殖酸生物有机肥还可以改善土壤理化性状，提高土壤肥力。综合分析，腐殖酸生物有机肥以中高用量对枸杞产量、品质的提高及土壤中生态环境的改善效果最好。（3）施用百欧盖恩微生物有机肥对提高枸杞植株的光合利用率及光能转化能力等方面具有一定的作用，较施用同用量的腐殖酸生物有机肥及沼液更能提高叶绿素荧光参数，而不同微生物有机肥对枸杞植株的株高增长速率、冠幅增长速率、地径增长速率及新梢增长速率均有不同程度的提高，且百欧盖恩微生物有机肥对于枸杞生长的影响效果略优于腐殖酸生物有机肥。另外对植株的经济效益具有一定的影响，其中施用1kg百欧盖恩微生物有机肥的对纯收入水平的影响较大，达23.46元.株-1，，而1kg用量下不同有机肥对枸杞干果百粒重的影响效果不明显，可能是由于肥料用量太少，对枸杞干果百粒重的影响较小。（4）不同微生物肥料对枸杞果实内含物的含量提高幅度不同，除类胡萝卜素外，多糖、总糖、黄酮及甜菜碱含量均表现为1kg百欧盖恩微生物有机肥处理的最大，其值分别为7.21%、43.95%、180.68mg/100g和0.70%。另外，不同微生物有机肥处理可明显提高土壤中的全量养分和速效养分。整体而言，百欧盖恩微生物有机肥更适合当地枸杞生长。
[Abstract]:Lycium Barbarum L. (Lycium barbarum) is an important special economic plant resource and traditional export agricultural product in China. The perennial deciduous shrub of Lycium barbarum is a kind of small tree like tree. It is a plant with a variety of economic traits. It needs a large amount of fertilizer. It is grown at the same place for many years and will be sucked from the soil every year. The nutrient status of the soil will directly affect the yield and quality of the fruit. It is necessary to improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, improve the fertility of the soil, improve the photosynthetic capacity of the plant, and achieve the best effect of high yield and high quality by applying the organic fertilizer in time. Fruit.
In this study, the 5 year old Ningqi No. 1 in the plantation of Gansu Jingtai Yujie Agricultural Trade Co., Ltd. was tested by the random zone test design. The experiment set up 4 humic acid organic manures (1kg, 2kg, 3kg, 4kg) of humic acid bio fertilizer (plant application 8kg common organic manure) as control, and set up 1 levels of fertilizer level treatment (plant). 1L), 1 levels of humic acid biological organic manure treatment (plant kg) and 1 manure organic manure were treated (1kg), and no organic fertilizer was used as control. The changes of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, growth and yield, quality, soil nutrients and other indexes were analyzed and evaluated. In order to study the physiological and ecological characteristics of Chinese wolfberry and to improve the cultivation efficiency, the effects of the growth and development of Lycium barbarum on the growth and development of Lycium barbarum were explored.
(1) the application of humic acid bio organic fertilizer can improve the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of the leaves of Chinese wolfberry, such as the maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) of PS II, the potential activity of PS II (Fv/Fo), the apparent electron transfer rate (ETR), the actual photochemical quantum yield Yield (II) and so on, and obviously lower the non photochemical quenching (NPQ), and then improve the photosynthetic productivity; moreover, it is beneficial to the wolfberry. The growth and development of barbarum barbarum is more helpful to increase the height, crown, ground diameter and shoot growth of Lycium barbarum than the common organic fertilizer CK (sheep dung). With the increase of fertilizer consumption, the growth of Chinese wolfberry is increased first and then decreased, and the yield of Chinese wolfberry can be increased. The yield of single plant is as high as 1.46kg. plant -1..
(2) the application of humic acid bio organic fertilizer can not only improve the weight of 100 grain and the content of the effective components of Lycium barbarum, but when the amount of fertilizer is more than 4kg, the content of polysaccharide, carotenoid and betaine can be reduced. In addition, humic acid bio organic fertilizer can also improve soil physical and chemical properties, improve soil fertility, comprehensive analysis, humic acid. Bio organic fertilizer has the best effect on the yield and quality of Lycium barbarum and the improvement of the ecological environment in the soil.
(3) the application of microorganism manure on the photosynthetic utilization rate and light energy conversion ability of Lycium barbarum can improve the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters more than the application of the same amount of humic acid bio organic fertilizer and biogas solution, while the growth rate of plant height and the growth rate of different microbial organic manure on the plant of Lycium barbarum are increased. The rate, the growth rate of ground diameter and the growth rate of new shoots were improved to some extent, and the effect of organic manure on the growth of wolfberry was slightly better than that of humic acid organic fertilizer. In addition, the effect of organic fertilizer on the economic benefit of the plant was certain. The effect of 1kg 100 Euclidean microbial organic fertilizer on the level of pure income The effect of different organic manure on 100 grain weight of Lycium barbarum was 23.46 yuan. The effect of different organic manure on the weight of dried fruit of Lycium barbarum was not obvious, which may be due to the less fertilizer use and less effect on the 100 grain weight of the dried fruit of Lycium barbarum.
(4) the content of the contents of the contents of the fruits of Lycium barbarum is different. Except carotenoids, the contents of polysaccharides, total sugar, flavonoids and betaine are the biggest, and the value of 1kg hundred European organic manure is 7.21%, 43.95%, 180.68mg/ 100g and 0.70%., and the treatment of different microbial organic fertilizers can be improved obviously. The total amount of nutrients and available nutrients in the soil is, on the whole, 100% organic soil organic fertilizer is more suitable for local Lycium barbarum growth.
【学位授予单位】：甘肃农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：S567.19;S158

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