通天河干流水电梯级开发景观效应与生态安全评价

发布时间：2017-12-27 12:04

本文关键词：通天河干流水电梯级开发景观效应与生态安全评价　出处：《水利水电科技进展》2016年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：为评价通天河干流水电开发对区域生态环境的影响,利用数字影像和野外调查等基础数据,以"3S"技术为支撑,运用景观生态学和生态安全指数等方法对通天河干流水电梯级开发引起的陆地生态环境变化进行了分析和评价。结果表明:水电梯级开发后流域内水体面积增加300.72 km~2,草地面积减少296.80 km~2,主要植被类型和土地利用格局未产生明显变化;流域景观格局中的优势景观类型为草地,其次为裸地和林地,在景观格局水平上景观破碎度降低,景观优势度增加,同时景观多样性增加,有利于区域生态系统的稳定;水电梯级开发未对流域内植被生产力和河流两岸物种丰富度造成显著影响,水电站建成后植被生产力值减小1.83×105t/a,仅占区域原植被生产力值的0.78%;水电梯级开发后流域总体生态安全指数为0.819,较开发前增大0.001,流域生态安全指数总体维持较高水平。通天河干流水电梯级开发后流域景观格局、生态系统的功能与性质未发生改变,未对流域生态环境与安全造成威胁。
[Abstract]:In order to evaluate the effect of Tong Tianhe hydropower development on the regional ecological environment, the basic data of digital images and field survey, with "3S" technology, the landscape ecology and ecological security index of Tongtian River dry Lu Disheng ecological environment caused by the change of water level of development of the elevator are analyzed and evaluated. The results show that the cascade hydropower development after the water area increased by 300.72 km~2 and 296.80 km~2 to reduce the grassland area, the main vegetation types and land use pattern and no obvious change; watershed landscape pattern of dominant landscape types of grass, followed by bare land and woodland in the landscape pattern level decreasing landscape fragmentation, landscape dominance increased at the same time, the landscape diversity increased, and is conducive to the regional ecological system stability; cascade hydropower development on river basin vegetation productivity and species richness significantly affected, hydropower station after the completion of the vegetation productivity decreases 1.83 * 105t/a, accounted for only 0.78% of the value of regional vegetation productivity; cascade hydropower development after the overall basin ecological security index as of 0.819, compared to the development of ecological security index increased 0.001, maintaining a high level of overall basin. The function and nature of watershed landscape pattern and ecosystem did not change after the development of water level of Tong Tian River, and did not threaten the ecological environment and safety of river basin.
【作者单位】：中国林业科学研究院荒漠化研究所;北京林业大学水土保持学院;中国水利水电科学研究院泥沙研究所;国家林业局调查规划设计院;
【基金】：“十二五”国家科技支撑计划(2012BAC09B03) 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(CAFYBB2014ZD006)
【分类号】：X826;TV213.2
【正文快照】： 拦河建坝修建水电站是当前水资源开发利用的主要方式[1],对河流水电资源的梯级开发可以充分利用河流的落差和最大限度地开发河流的水能和水运资源,产生较大的综合效益,是当前水电开发的趋势[2-3]。历史上美国密西西比河、科罗拉多河流域和苏联伏尔加河流域的梯级水电开发建设

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