完善辽河流域管理体制的对策研究

发布时间：2018-02-01 22:33

本文关键词： 辽河流域管理体制府际关系大部制　出处：《东北大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：辽河是我国重要的内陆河流之一,流经河北、内蒙古、吉林和辽宁四个省区,1996年被国务院列为“三江三湖”重点治理名单。经过数十年治理,2012年底,辽河摘掉了重度污染的帽子。目前辽河的管理机构主要有两个,一是水利部在东北地区的派出机构——松辽水利委员会,二是辽宁省辽河保护区管理局,然而这两个管理机构在辽河管理中均存在着诸多局限,无法实现对全流域的综合管理。目前辽河流域管理体制存在着诸多问题：一是管理机构重复,责权不明；二是法律依据缺乏,定位不准；三是区域利益冲突,矛盾重重；四是偏重河道治理,效果不佳；五是管理方式落后,人才缺乏。这些问题严重制约了辽河流域的治理工作。国内外有很多成功的流域治理、管理经验可供借鉴。黑河流域的的统一流域管理机构、信息化技术在流域管理中的应用、项目管理模式的创新,太湖流域的综合性行政法规建立、流域管理上升为国家战略,澳大利亚墨累达令流域的“公共能量场”、科层机制与市场机制、公民参与机制,德国莱茵河流域的精简高效的管理机构、跨国立法的保证机制、信息的通报与预期机制等有益方式给辽河流域管理体制完善提供了重要借鉴。为解决辽河流域管理体制的现存问题,借鉴国内外流域管理的经验,基于府际关系理论、“大流域”治理原则以及大部制改革的相关要求,提出以下五项对策以完善辽河流域管理体制。一是创新机构设置,形成跨区域的流域管理实权机构,从地方与国家两个层面入手逐步建立流域综合管理机构；二是加强流域立法,形成流域综合管理的立法体系；三是改善府际关系,以大部制为指导引领流域发展,体制改革要注意改革质量与人员数量的平衡,避免越改越多；四是创新发展模式,扩大体制改革范围,进行大流域开发,通过拓宽筹资渠道,吸引社会资金注入环保事业；五是创新管理方式,突破体制招揽适应大流域管理的人才,通过流域“管养分离”的方式,拓宽人才招用途径,提高管理实效。
[Abstract]:Liaohe River is one of the most important inland rivers in China. It flows through Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Jilin and Liaoning provinces and regions. In 1996, it was listed as "three rivers and three lakes" by the State Council. In end of 2012, the Liaohe River removed the hat of heavy pollution. At present, there are two main management agencies of Liaohe River, one is the Songliao Water Conservancy Committee, the dispatched agency of the Ministry of Water Resources in Northeast China. The second is the Liaoning Liaohe Reserve Administration Bureau, however, these two management institutions in the Liaohe River management has many limitations. At present, there are many problems in the management system of Liaohe river basin: first, the management organization is duplicated, and the responsibility and power are not clear; Second, the lack of legal basis, the positioning is not clear; Third, regional conflicts of interest, full of contradictions; Fourth, emphasis on river treatment, the effect is not good; Fifth, the management style is backward, the lack of talent. These problems seriously restrict the Liaohe River basin management work. There are many successful watershed management at home and abroad. The management experience can be used for reference. The unified watershed management organization of Heihe River Basin, the application of information technology in watershed management, the innovation of project management mode, and the establishment of comprehensive administrative laws and regulations of Taihu Basin. Watershed management rose to national strategy, "public energy field" in the Murray Darling basin in Australia, hierarchy and market mechanisms, citizen participation mechanism, and streamlined and efficient management institutions of the Rhine River basin in Germany. The guarantee mechanism of transnational legislation, information notification and expected mechanism provide important reference for the improvement of Liaohe river basin management system, and solve the existing problems of Liaohe river basin management system. Drawing lessons from the experience of watershed management at home and abroad, based on the theory of inter-governmental relations, the principle of "large watershed" governance and the relevant requirements of the reform of the Ministry system. The following five countermeasures are put forward to perfect the management system of Liaohe River basin. One is to set up innovative institutions to form cross-regional basin management institutions and gradually establish integrated watershed management institutions from the two levels of local and national levels; The second is to strengthen the legislation of river basin and form the legislative system of integrated management of river basin; The third is to improve the relationship between government and government, to guide the development of the river basin under the guidance of the large department system, and to pay attention to the balance between the quality of the reform and the number of personnel in the system reform so as to avoid more and more reform. Fourth, we should innovate the development model, expand the scope of system reform, carry out large-scale watershed development, and attract social funds into environmental protection by widening the channels of financing. Fifth, it is necessary to innovate the management mode, break through the system to recruit talents adapted to the management of large watersheds, widen the ways of recruiting talents and improve the management effectiveness through the way of "separation of management and maintenance" in watersheds.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV213.4

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