乌兰布和沙漠风沙入黄影响因子变化特征

发布时间：2018-02-13 19:26

本文关键词： 乌兰布和沙漠风沙土地利用气象条件黄河上游　出处：《中国沙漠》2016年06期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：乌兰布和沙漠是黄河上游内蒙古河段风沙的主要来源区,风沙入黄影响因子的变化会直接改变入黄风沙量,并进而对黄河水沙输移以及河床演变产生一定影响。依据野外调查和遥感影像,对河道边界条件、土地利用状况、沙漠所在区域风力条件和沙尘暴特征等风沙入黄影响因子进行了研究,揭示了其变化特征和趋势。结果表明:乌兰布和沙漠沿黄边界已发生很大变化,沿黄区域已修建一定规模的大堤,重新界定了河道范围,流动沙丘临河段长度较20世纪80年代大大减少,半固定沙丘多分布在距河道较远的地方,中间已被农田、村庄和开发地阻隔;沙漠所在区域年均风速及年最大风速总体上呈下降趋势,其中年均风速自20世纪50年代至今降低了1~1.3m·s-1,年最大风速较20世纪90年代初期降低6~10m·s-1;风力条件的变化导致了沙尘暴发生频率的降低,进而使得入黄风沙量减少,其影响周期与气候变化的周期有关。
[Abstract]:Wu Lan Buhe Desert is the main source of windy sand in Inner Mongolia reach of the upper reaches of the Yellow River. The change of the influence factors of wind sand entry into the Yellow River will directly change the amount of wind sand entering the Yellow River. Based on field investigation and remote sensing images, the river boundary conditions and land use status are studied. The influence factors such as wind conditions and sandstorm characteristics into the Yellow River in the desert region are studied, and the change characteristics and trends are revealed. The results show that the Wu Lan Buhe desert has changed greatly along the Yellow River boundary. Along the Yellow River region, a certain scale embankment has been built and the river channel area has been redefined. The length of the flowing sand dune near the river is much smaller than in 1980s, and the semi-fixed sand dunes are distributed far away from the river, and the middle has been farmland. The average annual wind speed and the annual maximum wind speed in the desert area generally showed a downward trend. The average annual wind speed has decreased by 1.3m 路s-1 since 1950s, and the annual maximum wind speed has decreased by 610m 路s-1.The change of wind conditions has resulted in a decrease in the frequency of sandstorm occurrence, thus reducing the amount of wind sand entering the Yellow River. Its impact cycle is related to the cycle of climate change.
【作者单位】：黄河水利科学研究院水利部泥沙重点实验室;水利部牧区水利科学研究所;
【基金】：水利部公益性行业科研专项(201401084) 国家自然科学基金项目(51409114) 国家基础研究发展计划项目(2011CB403303)
【分类号】：TV142

【参考文献】