汾河水库二维泥沙冲淤模拟与研究

发布时间：2018-02-28 15:37

本文关键词： 北方干旱地区水动力模型泥沙输运模型耦合模型数值模拟汾河水库　出处：《太原理工大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：水库作为调节控制地表水资源的有效手段,是充分开发利用水资源系统的重要组成部分。对于北方干旱地区,水库往往作为饮用水源地,维持有效的库容不仅能够保证正常供水,还有利于进水中污染物的降解,提高出水水质,然而水库在运行过程中必然会产生泥沙淤积,泥沙淤积会降低水库储蓄水资源的能力,减小有效库容,缩短水库的服务年限,并会导致供水水质降低,增大水厂的处理费用,影响到城市居民饮水安全,所以对水库泥沙淤积的研究就显得尤为重要。本文以北方干旱地区中型水库为背景,选定水库泥沙淤积为主要研究内容,应用环境系统分析的总体思想,确定针对性的研究技术路线；以水动力模型为基础并结合泥沙输运模型,建立水库水动力-泥沙输运耦合数值模型。以山西省汾河水库为载体,建立可以描述库区在水动力作用下泥沙输运的二维数值模型,对水库泥沙输运和冲淤进行定量化研究,揭示汾河水库泥沙的输运和冲淤规律；对未来十年库区冲淤状况进行预测,同时对目前汾河水库的运用方式及排沙减淤措施提出建议。论文的研究成果具有一定的理论意义和应用价值。论文的研究成果包括： (1)针对北方干旱地区中型水库的特点,应用系统化的设计思想,综合水动力、泥沙输移模型,形成了一种研究水库泥沙冲淤的定量化技术方法体系。 (2)以二维水动力模型为基础,综合考虑各种影响泥沙淤积的因素,如：水动力、泥沙颗粒粒径、孔隙率、相对密度、风场、涡粘系数、床面糙率等,有机地将水动力模型和泥沙运输模型进行耦合,建立起水库水动力-泥沙输移耦合模型。 (3)以山西省汾河水库为研究载体,根据库区周边的水陆环境,结合遥感技术及特殊点的GPS定位,确定模拟范围；并依据水库的自然地形特征(沟谷切割破碎,支流宽窄不一)建立边界吻合性较好的非结构化三角形网格系统,应用平滑处理技术生成相应的水库数值地形。 (4)在确定基本参数和定解条件的基础上,对2013年汛期的泥沙输运及淤积进行了数值模拟,同时对1959-2009年库区的泥沙淤积状况进行模拟分析,模拟运行结果揭示了汾河水库泥沙的冲淤规律,比较真实地反映了泥沙的输移及冲淤分布,也从另一方面验证了所建模型的正确性；对未来十年库区的泥沙冲淤状况进行了预测,反映在目前含沙量和运行方式下库区淤积的趋势及对库容的影响。 (5)针对当前汾河水库的运用方式和排沙清淤措施提出了建议。本研究综合水动力、泥沙输运模型建立起水动力-泥沙输运耦合模型,并将其应用到汾河水库的研究中,具有一定的创新性；较系统地分析研究了汾河水库水动力条件和泥沙冲淤分布,对缓解水库的泥沙淤积问题,保证居民饮水安全,促进水库水资源的合理利用,充分发挥水库的综合效益提供了有力的理论依据和技术支持。
[Abstract]:Reservoirs, as an effective means of regulating and controlling surface water resources, are an important part of the system for the full development and utilization of water resources. For arid areas in the north, reservoirs are often used as sources of drinking water. Maintaining an effective reservoir capacity can not only guarantee the normal water supply, but also benefit the degradation of pollutants in the influent and improve the effluent quality. However, during the operation of the reservoir, there will inevitably be sediment deposition, which will reduce the ability of the reservoir to store water resources. Reducing the effective storage capacity shortening the service life of the reservoir will lead to the decrease of water quality increase the treatment cost of water plant and affect the drinking water safety of urban residents so the study of reservoir siltation is particularly important. In this paper, taking medium reservoirs in arid areas of northern China as the background, the silt deposition of reservoirs is selected as the main research content, and the research technical route is determined by applying the general idea of environmental system analysis. Based on hydrodynamic model and combined with sediment transport model, a coupled numerical model of reservoir hydrodynamic and sediment transport is established. Taking Fenhe Reservoir in Shanxi Province as the carrier, a two-dimensional numerical model can be established to describe sediment transport under hydrodynamic action in the reservoir area. A quantitative study on sediment transport and scouring and silting in the reservoir is carried out to reveal the law of sediment transport and erosion and siltation in Fenhe Reservoir, and to predict the scouring and silting situation in the reservoir area in the next ten years. At the same time, some suggestions are put forward for the application of Fenhe Reservoir and the measures of sediment discharge and siltation reduction. The research results of this paper have certain theoretical significance and application value. The research results include:. 1) according to the characteristics of middle-sized reservoirs in arid areas of northern China, a quantitative technical system for studying sediment erosion and deposition in reservoirs is formed by applying systematic design ideas, integrating hydrodynamic forces and sediment transport models. (2) based on the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model, various factors affecting sediment deposition, such as hydrodynamics, sediment particle size, porosity, relative density, wind field, vortex viscosity coefficient, bed roughness and so on, are considered synthetically. The hydrodynamic model and sediment transport model are coupled organically, and a coupling model of reservoir hydrodynamic and sediment transport is established. Taking Fenhe Reservoir in Shanxi Province as the research carrier, according to the water and land environment around the reservoir area, combining with remote sensing technology and GPS positioning of special points, the simulation range is determined, and the natural topographic characteristics of the reservoir (gully and valley cutting and breaking) are used to determine the simulation range. The unstructured triangular mesh system with good boundary coincidence is established and the corresponding reservoir numerical terrain is generated by smoothing processing technique. 4) on the basis of determining the basic parameters and solution conditions, the sediment transport and siltation during the flood season in 2013 are numerically simulated, and the sediment deposition in the reservoir area from 1959 to 2009 is simulated and analyzed. The simulation results reveal the law of sediment scouring and silting in Fenhe Reservoir, which reflect the transport and distribution of sediment. On the other hand, the correctness of the model is verified. The situation of sediment scouring and deposition in the reservoir area in the next ten years is forecasted, which reflects the trend of sediment accumulation and its influence on reservoir capacity under the current sediment content and operation mode. Finally, some suggestions are put forward for the operation of Fenhe Reservoir and the measures of removing sediment and clearing silt. In this study, the hydrodynamic and sediment transport coupling model was established and applied to the study of Fenhe Reservoir. The hydrodynamic conditions and sediment scouring and silting distribution of Fenhe Reservoir are systematically analyzed and studied, which can alleviate the silt deposition of the reservoir, ensure the safety of drinking water for residents, and promote the rational utilization of water resources of the reservoir. Giving full play to the comprehensive benefits of the reservoir provides a strong theoretical basis and technical support.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV145

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