水库移民中弱势群体贫困风险分析

发布时间：2018-02-28 22:31

本文关键词： 水库移民弱势群体生存现状贫困风险分析帮扶体系　出处：《华北电力大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着我国水利水电事业的蓬勃发展,水利水电工程移民的数量也日益增多,据不完全统计,目前我国移民数量已经高达2500多万,移民问题已成为世界性的难题,越来越受到社会的关注。过去由于受当时政治、经济等多方面因素的影响,大部分水库移民就地后靠安置在库区周边,由于自然条件艰苦,资源严重匮乏,库区的经济发展缓慢,造成了诸多遗留问题,“先进的工程、落后的库区、贫困的移民”的工程建设比比皆是。随着移民政策的不断发展完善,20世纪80年代世界银行提出了开发性移民政策,开辟了移民安置工作的新篇章。基于目前水库移民的生活现状,本文将研究方向延伸至水库移民中的弱势群体。由于他们自身的生理缺陷和年龄原因等,导致在社会竞争中处于不利地位,生活艰苦。如果不能及时、准确的关注到这一特点,有针对性地解决他们的生存及发展问题,将有损社会公平、公正。首先,本文在充分吸收和借鉴国内外水库移民研究成果的基础上,结合目前有关弱势群体的理论研究和现实状况,运用社会学、经济学以及水库移民科学的理论,对水库移民中弱势群体重新进行了分类,具体概括为生理性弱势群体、心理性弱势群体、行为性弱势群体、经济性弱势群体和自然性弱势群体五大类,并分析了水库移民中弱势群体的本质和特征：生活贫困化、政治地位边缘化、社会排斥、心态边缘化、极端化、可转化性。其次,构建了包含家庭子系统、经济子系统、社会子系统、文化子系统、心理子系统、环境子系统和政治子系统在内的“水库移民中弱势群体—普通移民—原居民”生存现状对比指标体系,并以河南省淅川县丹江口水库移民为例进行了生存现状分析。然后,针对造成水库移民成为弱势群体的贫困现象,对其风险因素进行了辨识,即政策风险、社会风险、经济风险、自然风险和技术风险,并采取模糊层次分析法,构建贫困风险综合评价模型,通过该模型对水库移民中弱势群体贫困情况进行风险分析。最后,根据水库移民弱势群体形成的原因、生活现状及贫困风险程度等,结合国家社会保障体制、后期扶持政策、弱势群体经济学原理等构建了包含政府、社会、经济、管理、个人等“五位一体”的多层次弱势群体帮扶体系,保障水库移民中弱势群体的合法权益和社会稳定发展。
[Abstract]:With the vigorous development of water conservancy and hydropower industry in China, the number of water conservancy and hydropower project migrants is also increasing day by day. According to incomplete statistics, the number of migrants in our country has reached more than 25 million at present, and the migration problem has become a worldwide problem. In the past, due to the influence of political, economic and other factors at that time, most of the reservoir migrants settled locally and then settled around the reservoir area. As a result of the harsh natural conditions, the resources were severely scarce. The slow economic development of the reservoir area has resulted in many remaining problems. "Advanced projects, backward reservoir areas, With the continuous development and perfection of the immigration policy, the World Bank put forward the developmental immigration policy in 80s, which opened a new chapter in the resettlement work. Based on the present living conditions of reservoir migrants, this paper extends the research direction to the vulnerable groups of reservoir migrants. Due to their own physiological defects and age reasons, they are in a disadvantageous position in the social competition. Life is hard. If we can not pay attention to this characteristic in time and accurately, and solve their survival and development problems pertinently, it will be harmful to social equity and justice. First of all, on the basis of absorbing and drawing lessons from the research results of reservoir migration at home and abroad, combined with the current theoretical research and practical situation of vulnerable groups, this paper applies the theories of sociology, economics and reservoir migration science. This paper reclassifies the vulnerable groups in reservoir emigration, including physiological vulnerable group, psychological vulnerable group, behavioral vulnerable group, economic vulnerable group and natural vulnerable group, which are classified into five categories: physiological vulnerable group, psychological vulnerable group, behavioral vulnerable group, economic vulnerable group and natural vulnerable group. And analyzed the nature and characteristics of the vulnerable groups in reservoir migration: poverty of life, marginalization of political status, social exclusion, marginalization of mentality, extreme, transformability. Social subsystem, cultural subsystem, psychological subsystem, environment subsystem and political subsystem, which are the comparative index system of the existing situation of the "vulnerable group in reservoir emigration-ordinary immigrant and indigenous inhabitant", including the social subsystem, cultural subsystem, psychological subsystem, environment subsystem and political subsystem. Taking the Danjiangkou Reservoir immigrants in Xichuan County, Henan Province as an example, the survival status of the reservoir migrants is analyzed. Then, the risk factors are identified, that is, the policy risk and the social risk, in view of the poverty phenomenon that causes the reservoir migrants to become a vulnerable group. Economic risk, natural risk and technical risk, and the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process is adopted to construct a comprehensive evaluation model of poverty risk, through which the poverty situation of vulnerable groups in reservoir resettlement is analyzed. According to the causes of the formation of the vulnerable groups of reservoir migrants, the living conditions and the degree of poverty risk, combining with the national social security system, the later supporting policies, the economic principles of the vulnerable groups, and so on, this paper constructs the government, the society, the economy, and the management. Individuals and other "five-in-one" multi-level vulnerable group support system, to protect the legal rights and interests of vulnerable groups in reservoir migration and social stability.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV62;D632.4

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