塔里木河流域枯水年生态调水方式及生态补偿研究

发布时间：2018-03-12 20:32

本文选题：生态调水　切入点：生态补偿　出处：《自然资源学报》2017年10期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：近年来塔里木河流域大规模水土资源开发导致水资源供需矛盾日益尖锐,特别在枯水年,生态及社会安全受到严重威胁,亟需通过提出科学合理的生态调水方式及生态补偿方案来化解这一矛盾。论文利用塔里木河"四源一干"的地表径流、断面引退水、地下水埋深、气象等资料及干流下游流域内的遥感影像数据,根据水量平衡原理计算了各河流的河损及干流下游的生态需水量,提出了枯水年流域水量分配方案,确定了流域枯水年生态调水方式及相应的生态补偿方案。结果表明:1)在特枯水年,下游需水量为7.01×10~8m~3,至少挤占上游源流10.70×10~8m~3水才能保障,从上游源流调水至干流单方水的总效益和经济效益将分别减少38.2%和81.2%,因此该调水方式是不合理的,应改从开都-孔雀河调水以满足下游用水;2)调水后上游源流对开都-孔雀河单方水的补偿量为3.4元。研究可为流域水资源的高效开发、利用和管理提供科学依据。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the large-scale exploitation of water and soil resources in the Tarim River basin has led to the increasingly sharp contradiction between the supply and demand of water resources. Especially in dry years, ecological and social security are seriously threatened. It is urgent to solve this contradiction by putting forward scientific and reasonable ecological water transfer method and ecological compensation scheme. The paper uses the surface runoff of "four sources and one stem" of the Tarim River, the section to withdraw water, and the depth of groundwater. Based on the meteorological data and remote sensing image data of the lower reaches of the main stream, according to the principle of water balance, the river loss and the ecological water demand of the lower reaches of the main stream are calculated, and the water distribution scheme of the watershed in the dry year is put forward. The ecological water transfer mode and the corresponding ecological compensation scheme are determined in the dry year of the watershed. The results show that the downstream water demand is 7.01 脳 10 ~ (8) m ~ (3) in the special dry year, and at least 10.70 脳 10 ~ (8) m ~ (-3) of the upstream stream can be guaranteed. The total benefit and economic benefit of transferring water from the upstream source stream to the single side water of the main stream will be reduced by 38.2% and 81.2, respectively, so the water transfer mode is unreasonable. It is suggested that the compensation amount of the one-sided water from Kaidu-Kongque River to meet the downstream water demand should be 3.4 yuan. The research can provide scientific basis for the efficient development, utilization and management of water resources in the basin.
【作者单位】：中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态重点实验室;中国科学院大学;
【基金】：中国科学院特色研究所主要服务项目2课题2(TSS-2015-014-FW-2-2);中国科学院“西部之光”人才培养计划(XBBS-2014-13) 国家自然科学基金项目(41471099,31400466)~~
【分类号】：TV213.4

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