水利工程建设对鄱阳湖区生态环境的影响分析

发布时间：2018-03-20 05:22

  本文选题：水利工程　切入点：鄱阳湖　出处：《南昌大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：鄱阳湖是我国最大的淡水湖,它位于长江中下游南岸,是长江上重要的调蓄湖泊。由于其位置和环境的特殊性,每年有几十万只西伯利亚候鸟在此越冬,使其成为具有世界影响的湿地和候鸟保护区。近年以来,随着长江干支流的水资源综合开发利用,控制性水库的建设、尤其长江三峡工程建成蓄水运行以来,鄱阳湖水文节律发生较大变化。水文观测数据表明(湖区星子水文站),一是枯水时间提前,水位低于10米的时间比平均提前约33天,低于8米时间平均提前40天。二是枯水期延续时间长,水位低于10米的持续时间延长61天,低于8米天数平均延长51天。三是枯水期水位下降,枯水期水位比平均降低了2米左右,湖体面积呈现大幅缩减。四是水质恶化,枯水期总体水质由上世纪的Ⅰ-Ⅲ类下降为现在的Ⅲ-Ⅳ类,部分区域出现Ⅴ类水质。长江干流上水库群汛后蓄水造成的鄱阳湖秋冬季低枯水位,严重影响湖区生态平衡并制约当地经济发展。为恢复和科学调整江湖关系、提高湖区水资源和水环境承载能力,在国务院批复的《长江流域综合规划(2012-2030年)》)中明确提出建设鄱阳湖水利枢纽工程。2015年,鄱阳湖水利枢纽工程被国务院列入全国172重大水利工程,由发改委、水利部加快论证,由江西省加快推进实施。鄱阳湖水利枢纽工程设计复杂的江湖关系和生态环境保护等问题,国内外关注程度高、前期工作大。经水利部会同有关部门和江西省开展大量的专题研究工作后。初步明确以生态方式建设管理,建设上采用开放式全闸,管理调度上以“调枯不控洪”为原则,将3月底至8月底列为其江湖连通期,汛末至次年汛前为枢纽调控期,实现江湖两利、动态调控。从生态角度分析,鄱阳湖水利枢纽建成后对湖区生态环境造成较大改变,将对生物生存繁衍及其多样性影响较大,尤其是枯水期水位上涨后影响湿地植物、水生物、候鸟越冬。同时,水利枢纽建设或将影响部分鱼类的正常迁徙繁殖。但从社会经济发展来看,枢纽建设将解决湖区人民群众在枯水期的取水、用水问题,保障用水安全;同时对湖区血吸虫疫情的控制将有较好的效果。
[Abstract]:Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China. It is located on the south bank of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and is an important regulating lake on the Yangtze River. Because of its special location and environment, hundreds of thousands of Siberian migratory birds winter here every year. In recent years, with the comprehensive development and utilization of water resources along the Yangtze River trunk and tributaries, the construction of controlled reservoirs, especially since the completion and operation of the three Gorges Project of the Yangtze River, The hydrological rhythm of Poyang Lake has changed greatly. The hydrological observation data show that the water level below 10 meters is about 33 days ahead of the average. The average advance of the time below 8 meters is 40 days. Second, the duration of the dry season is long, the duration of the water level below 10 meters is prolonged by 61 days, and the days below 8 meters are prolonged by an average of 51 days. Third, the water level drops during the dry season. In the dry season, the water level decreased by about 2 meters on average, and the lake area decreased significantly. Fourth, the water quality deteriorated, and the total water quality decreased from 鈪，

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