小水电站尾水余能循环利用试验研究

发布时间：2018-03-23 12:21

本文选题：尾水余能　切入点：循环利用　出处：《重庆交通大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：水力发电是人类利用水能来满足社会经济发展中日益增长的电力需求的重要的工具之一。山区上修建小型水电站,由于水量不足,水库干涸,造成水轮机出力不足,从而影响水电站的发电效益。库容是水电站发挥发电效益最重要的保障,而水量不足将直接导致库容的损失,这大大降低了水电站的发电效益。因此,寻求更有效可行的增加小型水电站发电效益的途径,尽可能长期保持小水电站的发电效益,保护发电机组安全运行,具有十分重要的意义。本文通过创造一套小水电站尾水余能循环利用系统将小水电站尾水中的水流动能转化为电能或势能。建立概化水槽试验探索小水电站尾水能量转化的方法来研究小水电站尾水余能循环利用的有效途径,主要工作内容和研究成果有:(1)建立了概化水槽系统,试验水槽的尺寸是48m×2m×1m(长×宽×高),底坡是0.05%。能较好模拟小水电站尾水水流特性,为研究小水电站尾水余能循环利用的有效途径奠定了良好的试验基础。(2)针对目前小水电站尾水余能有效利用存在的诸多不足,自主研制了一套小水电站尾水余能循环利用系统,该系统主要有中心转动轴、转动叶轮、皮带轮变速系统、发电机/抽水泵、“L”型支架五部分构成。转动轴的安装高程可调节,达到在不影响电站水轮机出力的同时能更大程度地利用尾水动能的目的。(3)通过13组试验工况,阐述了水力发电试验的原理和试验过程。对水力发电试验结果进行定量的分析得出流速相同的条件下发电量与水轮机受力面积平方成正比。流速与发电量的具有耦合关系,推导出发电量与流速相关的公式。(4)水力抽水试验共进行了13组试验,探讨了水力抽水试验的过程和原理。基于实验实测数据,对水力抽水试验结果进行定量的分析得出扬程与水轮机受力面积成正比。流速与扬程的具有耦合关系,推导出扬程与流速相关的公式。
[Abstract]:Hydroelectric power generation is one of the most important tools for human beings to use water energy to meet the increasing demand for electricity in social and economic development. Therefore, the reservoir capacity is the most important guarantee for the hydropower station to bring into play the power generation benefit, and the shortage of water will directly lead to the loss of the reservoir capacity, which greatly reduces the power generation benefit of the hydropower station. To seek more effective and feasible ways to increase the power generation efficiency of small hydropower stations, to maintain the power generation efficiency of small hydropower stations for as long as possible, and to protect the safe operation of generating units, In this paper, the kinetic energy of the tail water of the small hydropower station can be transformed into electric energy or potential energy by creating a system of recycling and utilization of the residual energy of the tail water of the small hydropower station, and the test of the generalizable flume is established to explore the tail water of the small hydropower station. The method of energy conversion is used to study the effective way to recycle the residual energy of tail water in small hydropower stations. The main work and research results are as follows: a generalizable flume system has been established. The size of the experimental flume is 48m 脳 2m 脳 1m (length 脳 width 脳 height), and the bottom slope is 0.05. it can better simulate the characteristics of tail water flow in small hydropower stations. This paper lays a good experimental foundation for studying the effective way to recycle the tail water residual energy of the small hydropower station. Aiming at many shortcomings existing in the effective utilization of the tail water residual energy of the small hydropower station at present, a set of recycling and utilization system of the tail water residual energy of the small hydropower station is developed independently. The system consists of five parts: the center rotating shaft, the rotating impeller, the belt pulley variable speed system, the generator / pump pump, and the "L" support. The installation height of the rotating shaft is adjustable. The purpose of making use of the kinetic energy of tail water to a greater extent without affecting the generating force of the turbine in the power station can be achieved by 13 groups of test conditions. The principle and process of hydroelectricity test are described. The quantitative analysis of the test results shows that the power generation is proportional to the square of the hydroturbine force area under the same velocity of flow, and there is a coupling relationship between the velocity and the generating capacity. The formula of correlation between electric capacity and velocity of water was derived. Thirteen groups of tests were carried out in hydraulic pumping test. The process and principle of hydraulic pumping test were discussed. The quantitative analysis of the hydraulic pumping test results shows that the lift is directly proportional to the bearing area of the turbine, and the coupling relationship between the velocity of velocity and the head is obtained, and the formula of the correlation between the head and the velocity of velocity is deduced.
【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TV742

【参考文献】