大洪水条件下黄河下游河道冲淤及滩区安全

发布时间：2018-04-16 06:49

本文选题：宽滩区 + 防护堤　；参考：《泥沙研究》2017年01期

【摘要】：在大洪水期行洪滞洪沉沙是黄河下游宽滩区的主要功能之一。近十几年来,随着黄河水沙的变化和小浪底水库的建成运用,对宽滩区运用方式的争论更为激烈,却一直缺乏系统的对比研究。为此,黄科院利用小浪底至陶城铺河道实体模型,采用2013年汛前地形,开展了黄河下游宽滩区是否修建防护堤两种不同运用方式下,大洪水期的洪水演进试验,通过对比分析不同运用方式下的下游河道在冲淤演变、洪水位变化和滩区防洪安全等方面的问题,探讨了大洪水条件下黄河下游河道冲淤及滩区的安全形势,以期为黄河下游河道治理措施的决策提供科学的参考依据。结果表明,宽滩区修建防护堤后,中常高含沙洪水条件下主槽淤积量小于不修防护堤方案,大洪水条件下主槽冲刷量大于不修防护堤方案,说明主槽过流能力和输沙能力均有所增大。但是,修建防护堤后的嫩滩淤积量,两种洪水条件下均呈现出明显大于不修防护堤方案,河道的横断面形态和"二级悬河"形势均有所恶化。同时,由于目前地形条件下夹河滩以上河段主河槽过流能力达到了6 000m3/s,洪水向下游的演进速度和水量明显增加,导致高村以下的洪水位比不修防护堤时显著提升,增大了高村以下河段的防洪压力,滩区的防洪安全受到严重威胁。
[Abstract]:Flood and sediment stagnation is one of the main functions of wide beach area in the lower Yellow River.In recent years, with the change of water and sediment in the Yellow River and the completion and operation of Xiaolangdi Reservoir, the debate on the operation mode of the wide beach area has become more intense, but there has been a lack of systematic comparative study.Therefore, using the model of Xiaolangdi to Taochingpu river course and using the terrain before the flood in 2013, the Huangke Institute carried out the flood routing test during the flood period under two different application modes, whether to build a protective embankment or not in the wide beach area of the lower Yellow River.By comparing and analyzing the problems in the evolution of scour and siltation, the change of flood water level and the flood control safety of the lower reaches of the Yellow River under different operation modes, the paper discusses the safety situation of the channel scouring and silting in the lower reaches of the Yellow River and the beach area under the condition of the big flood.In order to provide a scientific reference for the decision of river regulation measures in the lower reaches of the Yellow River.The results show that after the construction of embankment in wide beach area, the amount of silt accumulation in main channel is smaller than that in unrepaired embankment under the condition of medium and high sand flood, and the scour amount of main channel is larger than that of unrepaired embankment under the condition of large flood.The results show that the overcurrent capacity and sediment transport capacity of the main channel are increased.However, the siltation amount of the tender beach after the construction of the embankment is obviously larger than that of the unrepaired embankment scheme under the two flood conditions, and the cross section shape of the river course and the situation of the "secondary suspension river" have been deteriorated.At the same time, due to the current topographic conditions, the capacity of the main channel of the river reach above the river bank reaches 6 000 m3 / s, the speed of the flood moving downstream and the amount of water are obviously increased, resulting in a significant increase in the flood water level below the high village than when the embankment is not repaired.The flood control pressure of the reach below Gaocun is increased, and the flood control safety of the beach area is seriously threatened.
【作者单位】：黄河水利科学研究院;
【基金】：国家十二五科技支撑计划项目(2012BAB02B01) 国家自然科学基金项目(51479080,51539004)
【分类号】：TV147

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