水库生态—发电优化调度及应用研究

发布时间：2018-04-17 10:04

本文选题：牛路岭水库 + 生态需水量　；参考：《天津大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：水库运行在缓解由于水资源时空分布不均而引起的供需矛盾的同时，也改变了下游河道的天然径流状态，，从而有可能对下游河道生态系统造成一定的不利影响。随着人类社会的进步及治水思路的转变，越来越多的学者认为，水库调度应考虑对下游河道生态用水进行适度补偿。本文在评价水库运行对天然径流改变程度的基础上，将生态因素考虑到水库优化调度中，建立了水库生态-发电调度模型，使水库在满足原有兴利功能的同时，减轻对河道生态的负面影响，并以牛路岭水库为实例进行了研究。主要内容与成果如下：（1）分别从河流的水文特性、物理化学特性、河流形态以及沿岸生态等四个方面，分析了水库运行对河流生态的影响，论证了本研究的必要性。（2）评述了目前被广泛应用的生态需水量计算的4种方法，即：水文学法、水力学法、栖息地法和综合法，对各方法的适用条件及存在的问题进行了比较分析。以牛路岭水库为例，采用水文学法来确定其下游河道最小、次小和适宜生态需水量，并参考Tennant法对计算结果进行了合理性评价。（3）为分析水库调度对生态系统的影响，采用变化范围法（RVA），以流量大小、发生时间、频率、延时和变化率等5组具有生态意义的水文参数，评价水库调节对天然径流的改变程度，并以牛路岭水库为对象，进行了实例分析。结果表明，水库的调节作用使天然径流发生了显著的改变，尤其是增加拟建电站后，径流的天然状态发生较大改变，有损于河流生态系统的健康发展。建议将生态因素考虑到水库优化调度中，以减轻水库调度对生态的负面影响。（4）建立了生态-发电调度优化模型，模型中将生态目标和社会目标转化为经济目标的约束条件，采用改进遗传算法进行求解，并以牛路岭水库为例进行了研究。建立了牛路岭水库生态-发电调度模型，依据所确定的生态需水量，设定4种调度方案，选取丰、平、枯三个代表年的径流资料作为径流输入，用改进遗传算法进行求解，分析了生态需水量对水库发电效益的影响，同时将联合调度结果与牛路岭水库现状调度结果进行了比较分析。结果表明，在兼顾河道生态需水的基础上，一库两站联合调度可明显增加牛路岭水库的总发电量。本调度模型及结果既可为牛路岭水库调度提供依据和技术支撑，又可为类似水库生态-发电调度研究提供借鉴。
[Abstract]:In order to alleviate the contradiction between the supply and demand caused by the uneven distribution of water resources and space , the reservoir operation has changed the natural runoff state of the downstream river course , so it is possible to make a certain adverse effect on the downstream river channel ecological system .

( 1 ) The influence of reservoir operation on river ecology was analyzed from four aspects of river hydrology , physical chemistry , river morphology and coastal ecology , and the necessity of this study was demonstrated .

( 2 ) The four methods of ecological water demand calculation widely used are reviewed , namely : hydrology method , hydraulics method , habitat method and comprehensive method . The application conditions and existing problems of each method are compared . Taking the cattle road ridge reservoir as an example , the minimum , minor and suitable ecological water demand of the downstream river channel are determined by using the hydrology method , and the calculation result is evaluated with reference to Tensor method .

( 3 ) In order to analyze the influence of reservoir dispatching on the ecological system , the change range method is adopted to evaluate the change degree of natural runoff in five groups , such as flow size , time , frequency , time delay and rate of change .

( 4 ) The ecological - power generation dispatching optimization model is established , and the ecological objective and social target are transformed into the economic target constraint conditions . The ecological - power generation dispatching model is set up by using the improved genetic algorithm . According to the determined ecological water demand , 4 kinds of dispatching schemes are set up .

【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV697.11;TV737

【参考文献】