潇河流域水资源可持续利用集成技术研究

发布时间：2018-04-22 13:23

本文选题：流域 + 水资源　；参考：《太原理工大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着人口的增长、社会经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高,人们对水资源数量和质量的要求越来越高,而可利用的水资源是有限的。在我国,水资源浪费、水资源污染与水资源短缺日益严重。突出的水资源供需矛盾和生态环境问题已经成为制约我国绝大部分地区社会经济可持续发展和人们生活质量提高的的重要因素,所以对水资源实行优化配置、提高水资源的利用效率、实现水资源的可持续发展是21世纪水利工作者面临的重大任务。潇河是汾河的第二大支流,属于黄河流域。随着潇河流域范围内的社会、经济、国民生活质量等各方面的快速发展和提高,对水资源的需求量也日益增多,使得潇河流域水资源问题日趋突出。因此,潇河流域水资源可持续利用集成技术研究对潇河流域的社会经济和生态环境发展有着重大意义。本文通过对收集到的潇河流域内的各种相关观测、试验、调查统计资料及报告进行调查研究,深入分析了流域内的水资源特点、水资源供需平衡、开发利用情况及存在的一些问题,基于潇河流域水资源的综合分析,有针对性的提出了关于潇河流域水资源可持续利用的有效对策及相关高效集成技术。论文主要包括以下内容： (1)对我国水资源特点和水资源开发中存在的问题进行了概述；系统的分析国内外对水资源可持续思想形成的过程及可持续的涵义与原则,为论文的进一步研究打下理论基础； (2)对潇河流域整个自然环境概况、社会经济发展概况和水资源开发利用情况进行了简要分析。流域内不同的部门按照农业用水、工业用水、生活用水、生态用水四个方面对水资源需水情况进行预测,通过流域水资源供需平衡分析,现状年50%保证率下潇河流域需水总量为20737.33万m3,而流域可供水资源总量为15897万m3。在50%保证率下缺水率为23.3%,75%保证率下缺水率达到39.9%,由此可以看出潇河流域水资源供需矛盾十分尖锐。 (3)结合潇河流域水资源利用过程中的实际情况,分析潇河流域的水资源存在的问题,以实现潇河流域水资源可持续利用为目标,提出一系列的高效用水对策： a.适度发展上游流域农业灌溉。通过对潇河流域上下游实际情况的分析研究,上游地区人口密度偏小,种植面积也比较少。由于农业耕作中化学肥料、农药的使用会对地下水资源造成污染,而流域的上游地区地下水污染会对整个流域的地下水也产生一定的不利影响,因此为了潇河流域水资源、水环境的可持续发展,不适宜对上游区域农业灌溉进行深度的开发利用,适度发展上游农业灌溉对流域的可持续发展有很大意义； b.引洪补源措施。引用汛期洪水补源、将洪水蓄存于土壤水库和地下水库,通过自然渗漏能力补给地下水。利用干涸的河床、渠道及骨干排水系统引水、蓄水,利用自然冲沟、坑塘、洼地建设塘堰或平原水库,利用古河道沙地淹灌、耕地休闲期淹灌以及耕地作物的生长期大定额淹灌,增加渗漏量。在砂砾层埋藏较浅的地方,利用大口井及廊道,把经过净化处理的水流直接向地下水含水层灌注等。 c.污水资源化。潇河流域榆次区建立的一座正阳污水处理厂将城市污水经过处理和净化后,产生数量巨大的的再生水资源量。这些再生水资源可以被用作环境美化,城市绿化灌溉,洒水车冲洗城市,甚至是农田灌溉等等； d.雨水利用集成技术。由于建筑物的屋面收集到的雨水水质没有受到二次污染,雨水净流量相对较大,而且雨水的收集也很方便,是最普遍的收集雨水方式。通过雨水收集工程可以将城市下水道系统或者建筑物屋顶、院落雨水集流,再进行利用； e.地表水、地下水联合调度集成技术。井渠通过在工程上、时间上、空间上的结合,对地表水、地下水进行联合调度,从而高效利用水资源； f.通过农艺措施、工程措施、管理措施节约农业灌溉用水,使农田灌溉从以前用水浪费的不节约管理模式向节约用水管理模式的转变。本文通过分析潇河流域水资源现状提出关于流域水资源可持续利用的相关对策,为潇河流域水资源的可持续利用及流域地区经济社会的可持续发展提供了有益参考,具备重要的理论意义与实际价值。
[Abstract]:With the increase of population , the development of social economy and the improvement of people ' s living standards , the demand for water resources quantity and quality is more and more serious , and the water resources available are limited . In China , water resources waste , water pollution and water shortage are becoming more serious .

Xiaohe River is the second largest tributary of Fenhe River , and belongs to the Yellow River Basin . With the rapid development and improvement of the social , economic and national quality of life in the range of Xiaohe River Basin , the demand for water resources is increasing . Therefore , the water resources sustainable utilization integration technology of Xiaohe River Basin is of great significance to the socio - economic and ecological environment development of Xiaohe River Basin .

Based on the comprehensive analysis of water resources in Xiaohe River Basin , this paper puts forward some effective countermeasures for the sustainable use of water resources in Xiaohe River Basin and relevant high - efficiency integrated technology . The paper mainly includes the following :

( 1 ) The characteristics of water resources and the problems existing in the development of water resources are summarized ;
The system analyzes the process and the sustainable meaning and principle of sustainable thought of water resources at home and abroad , and lays a theoretical foundation for the further study of the thesis .

( 2 ) The general situation of the whole natural environment , the general situation of social and economic development and the exploitation and utilization of water resources in Xiaohe River Basin are briefly analyzed . The water demand in the river basin is estimated to be 20738.33 million m3 according to four aspects of agricultural water , industrial water , domestic water and ecological water . The total water requirement of the river basin is 158.33 million m3 . The water shortage rate at 50 % guarantee rate is 23.3 % , and the water shortage rate at 75 % guarantee rate reaches 39.9 % . Therefore , it can be seen that the contradiction between water supply and demand in Xiaohe river basin is very sharp .

( 3 ) According to the actual situation of water resources utilization in Xiaohe River Basin , the problems of water resources in Xiaohe River Basin are analyzed to meet the goal of sustainable utilization of water resources in Xiaohe River Basin , and a series of high - efficient water - water countermeasures are put forward :

Through the analysis of the actual situation on the upper and lower reaches of Xiaohe river basin , the population density in the upstream area is small and the planting area is less . Because of the chemical fertilizer in the agricultural cultivation , the groundwater pollution in the upper reaches of the river basin can cause a certain adverse effect on the groundwater resources in the whole basin . Therefore , the sustainable development of the agricultural irrigation in the upstream area is not suitable for the sustainable development of the water resources and the water environment in the upstream area , so that the sustainable development of the upstream agricultural irrigation is very significant to the sustainable development of the basin ;

b . Flood compensation measures are adopted . The flood supplement source is used to store the flood in the soil reservoir and the underground reservoir and recharge the ground water through the natural seepage capacity . The dry river bed , the channel and the backbone drainage system are used for water diversion , water storage , natural gully , pit pond and low - lying land to build the pond or plain reservoir .

c . Wastewater reclamation . A Zhengyang sewage treatment plant established in the Yulin district of Xiaohe River basin will produce a large quantity of reclaimed water resources after being treated and purified . These reclaimed water resources can be used as environmental beautification , urban greening irrigation , watering car washing cities , even agricultural irrigation and so on ;

d . the rainwater utilization integration technology . Because the rainwater quality collected by the roof of the building is not polluted by secondary pollution , the water purifying flow of the rainwater is relatively large , the rainwater collection is convenient , and the rainwater collection is the most common way of collecting rainwater .

e . Surface water and underground water combined dispatching integration technology . Through the combination of surface water and groundwater in engineering , time and space , water resources are effectively utilized ;

f . To save agricultural irrigation water by means of agronomic measures , engineering measures and management measures , so that the transformation of farmland irrigation from the non - saving management mode which was previously wasted water to the management mode of water conservation .

Based on the analysis of the present situation of water resources in Xiaohe River Basin , this paper puts forward relevant countermeasures on the sustainable utilization of water resources in the basin , and provides a useful reference for the sustainable utilization of water resources in the river basin and the sustainable development of the economic society in the basin area .

【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV213.9

【参考文献】