基于i-Tree hydro的城市雨水低影响开发评价方法研究
发布时间:2018-04-24 02:01
本文选题:ICM模型 + 不透水表面 ; 参考:《北京建筑大学》2016年硕士论文
【摘要】:近年来,我国城市地表径流大幅度增加,冲刷裹携大量有机物、营养物质、悬浮物等污染物进入水体,从而引发洪涝积水、水污染加剧等问题。研究表明,在降雨过程中,不透水表面促进地表径流的形成,地表径流携带着多种污染物最终流入并污染受纳水体,所以土地覆盖类型的改变也是环境恶化的重要原因之一。因此一种通过源头分散来维持和保护场地自然水文功能的城市雨水管理理念低影响开发(LID,Low Impact Development)越来越被人们重视并使用。城市化进程在我国目前经济飞速前进发展的环境下愈加快速,为了研究京津冀区域不透水面积率对流域水文环境的影响,本文通过对北京、天津及3个河北地级市的2000-2013年城乡建设用地及其不透水地表面积率进行了调查分析,应用不透水覆盖概念模型(ICM,Impervious Cover Model),评价对城市流域环境的影响,对未来城市规划给出合理建议。为评价LID技术对开发后区域降雨径流的控制效果,本文以浙江省嘉兴市南湖区世合小镇为研究区域,应用i-Tree hydro模型软件,根据模拟区域的土壤类型、地形、降雨量、蒸发量及土壤覆盖等基础数据和径流污染物浓度监测数据,针对历史(2006年)、开发后未实施LID和规划实施LID三种情景,通过模拟分析研究区域内雨水径流总量和污染物负荷的变化来评估LID技术的应用效果。结果表明,规划实施LID情景与开发后未实施LID情景相比,可削减31.52%的径流总量;与开发前相比,仅增加9.96%的径流总量;径流量与土地覆盖类型有关,不透水表面径流量、年径流总量与树木植被呈负相关,而基流流量和透水表面径流量与树木植被呈正相关。规划实施LID情景相比开发未实施LID情景,3种污染物年负荷总量减少了513.66 kg,其中分别削减了49.85%的TSS负荷、50.30%的COD负荷和36.36%的TP负荷,削减效果明显。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the urban surface runoff of our country has increased greatly, and the pollutants such as organic matter, nutrients, suspended matter and so on have entered into the water body, thus causing flood and waterlogging, water pollution and so on. The results show that the impermeable surface promotes the formation of surface runoff in the process of rainfall. Surface runoff carries a variety of pollutants and pollutes the receiving water body. Therefore, the change of land cover type is also one of the important reasons of environmental degradation. Therefore, a kind of urban Rain Water management concept, which can maintain and protect the natural hydrological function of the site through the source dispersion, has been paid more and more attention to and used in the development of low impact development (LIDLow Impact development). In order to study the influence of impermeable area ratio of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei on the hydrological environment of the river basin, the urbanization process is becoming more and more rapid under the environment of our country's rapid economic development. In order to study the influence of the area ratio of impermeable water in Beijing, The urban and rural construction land and its impermeable surface area rate in Tianjin and three Hebei prefectural cities from 2000 to 2013 were investigated and analyzed. The concept model of impermeable coverage was applied to evaluate the impact on urban watershed environment. Reasonable suggestions are given for future urban planning. In order to evaluate the effect of LID technology on the control of rainfall runoff in the developed area, this paper takes Shihe Town, Nanhu District, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province as the research area, applies i-Tree hydro model software, according to the soil type, topography and rainfall of the simulated area. Basic data such as evaporation and soil cover and runoff pollutant concentration monitoring data were used in this paper. According to the historical (2006) scenarios, LID was not implemented after development and LID was planned to be implemented. The application effect of LID technology was evaluated by simulating and studying the variation of total runoff and pollutant load of Rain Water in the region. The results show that the total runoff volume can be reduced by 31.52% compared with the LID scenario after development, and only 9.96% more than before, and runoff is related to the type of land cover, the surface runoff of impermeable water is related to the type of land cover. The total annual runoff is negatively correlated with the vegetation, while the basal flow and the surface runoff are positively correlated with the vegetation. Compared with the LID scenario, the total annual load of the three pollutants was reduced by 513.66 kg, in which 49.85% of the TSS load was reduced by 50.30% of the COD load and 36.36% of the TP load was reduced respectively, and the reduction effect was obvious.
【学位授予单位】:北京建筑大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2016
【分类号】:TU992;TV213.9
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