黄河上游可调水量初步研究

发布时间：2018-04-27 10:40

本文选题：黄河上游 + 可调水量　；参考：《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2017年08期

【摘要】：【目的】针对黄河上游水沙调控问题建立多目标模拟模型,确定黄河上游可调水量,为分析黄河上游梯级水库群的调水潜力、有效实施黄河上游水沙调控提供指导。【方法】考虑防凌防洪、供水、发电和冲沙输沙等目标,在已知来水、供水条件下,针对龙羊峡、刘家峡水库理想可调水量、实测可调水量、以水定电、兼顾发电的以水定电4种运行模式,建立黄河上游龙羊峡、刘家峡梯级水库联合调度模拟模型,采用自迭代模拟优化算法求解模型,确定黄河上游梯级水库群的可调水量。【结果】通过对各运行模式下可调水量、发电效率等调控目标的对比分析,可知理想可调水量模式下的可调水量满足兰州断面供水要求,但未达到龙羊峡水电站发电要求;实际可调水量运行模式下的发电与供水均未达到设计值;以水定电运行模式下,兰州断面的供水保证率均达到了设计值,龙羊峡电站的保证出力虽有所提高但并未达到设计值;兼顾发电的以水定电运行模式可以同时实现供水、发电目标。但是,考虑到黄河流域水资源短缺,供需矛盾加剧,流域梯级水电站的实际运行模式由设计初期的"以电定水"转变为"以水定电",应在优先满足流域供水要求的基础上再适当考虑发电效益。所以推荐采用以水定电模式下的可调水量,其多年累计调水量为159.22亿m3。【结论】以水定电模式下的黄河上游可调水量合理可行;黄河上游梯级水库群具有较强的调水调沙潜力,来年补水量小于40亿m3时,平均3年可以进行1次调水调沙,在特丰年份可进行1~2次调水调沙。
[Abstract]:[objective] to establish a multi-objective simulation model for the regulation of water and sediment in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, and to determine the adjustable water volume in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, in order to analyze the water transfer potential of cascade reservoirs in the upper reaches of the Yellow River. Effective regulation of water and sediment in the upper reaches of the Yellow River provides guidance. [methods] considering the objectives of flood prevention, water supply, power generation and sediment transport, under the conditions of known water supply and water supply, the ideal adjustable water volume for Longyangxia and Liujiaxia Reservoir is considered. In this paper, four operation modes of regulating water quantity and power generation by water and electricity are measured, and the simulation model of combined operation of Longyangxia and Liujiaxia reservoirs in the upper reaches of the Yellow River is established, and the model is solved by self-iterative simulation optimization algorithm. The adjustable water volume of cascade reservoirs in the upper reaches of the Yellow River is determined. [results] through the comparative analysis of the adjustable water quantity and the power generation efficiency under various operation modes, it can be seen that the adjustable water volume under the ideal adjustable water quantity mode can meet the requirements of Lanzhou section water supply. However, the power generation requirements of Longyangxia Hydropower Station are not met, the power generation and water supply under the actual adjustable water operation mode are not up to the design value, and the water supply guarantee rate of Lanzhou section reaches the design value under the water fixed power operation mode. Although the guaranteed output of Longyangxia power station has been improved, it has not reached the design value, and the water fixed power operation mode can realize the water supply and power generation target simultaneously. However, considering the shortage of water resources in the Yellow River Basin, the contradiction between supply and demand has intensified, The practical operation mode of cascade hydropower stations in river basins has changed from "fixing water by electricity" to "fixing electricity by water" at the beginning of the design period. The benefit of power generation should be considered on the basis of priority to meet the demands of water supply in the basin. Therefore, it is recommended to adopt the adjustable water quantity under the water fixed electricity mode, and the cumulative water transfer capacity for many years is 15.922 billion m3. [conclusion] the adjustable water quantity in the upper reaches of the Yellow River under the water fixed electricity mode is reasonable and feasible, and the cascade reservoirs in the upper reaches of the Yellow River have strong water and sediment regulation potential. When the water supply is less than 4 billion m3 in the coming year, the water and sediment can be adjusted once in 3 years on average, and 1 or 2 times in the year of Tefeng.
【作者单位】：西北旱区生态水利工程国家重点实验室培育基地西安理工大学水利水电学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(51409210,91325201) 水利公益性行业科研专项(201501058) 陕西省水利科研计划项目(2016slkj-8,2017slkj-16) 西安理工大学科研项目(2016ZZKT-15)
【分类号】：TV213.4

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