伊春市地表水环境分析与评价

发布时间：2018-04-27 22:08

本文选题：水资源 + 水文　；参考：《黑龙江大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：水环境分析评价是按照一定的标准和评价方法来评估水环境的质量,分析水环境质量发展趋势,评价人类活动对水环境质量的影响。水资源是一切生物赖以生存、工农业生产不可替代的基础性自然资源,同时更是经济发展和生态环境改善的战略性经济资源。近年来,随着社会和经济的快速发展生产生活的用水量和污染物排放量而不断增加,使得水体环境承载能力严重不足。由水资源的匮乏和水环境受到污染不断加重所构成的水资源危机,已成为制约经济和社会可持续发展的重要因素之一。本文是在搜集与整理伊春地区各类水环境监测站点水质数据的基础上,评价该地区水环境质量,分析地表水体的纳污能力水平,以水功能区保护要求和水质目标为核心,按照水体自净规律核定不同水功能区纳污能力；以水域纳污能力作为约束条件,结合伊春地区社会经济发展布局、污染治理水平及相关法律法规要求,分析提出水功能区限制入河排污总量。(1)伊春地区汤旺河、呼兰河、伊春河等主要河流水环境质量不理想,达到地表水环境质量标准Ⅲ类水质河段分仅占到17.4%；废污水排放还维持在一个较高的水平,年废污水排放量6944.0万t,主要水污染物COD年排放量为13735.0t,氨氮年排放量为1251.0t。(2)系统地进行了水文参数率定,提出了一般功能区75%保证率的枯水期平均流量的设计水量、设计流速；(3)对水环境比较敏感的化学需氧量和氨氮的综合衰减系数进行了合理分析和检验,给出了设计水文条件下水功能区段的K值,本地区各河流化学需氧量K值在0.110-0.312之问,氨氮K值在0.110-0.352之间。(4)以水域纳能力一维计算模式为基础,计算水功能区纳污能力,经分析伊春地区COD纳污能力为4372.6t/a,氨氮纳污能力为307.0 t/a。(5)以水功能区保护目标和污染物排放水平,提出分阶段实施的污染物入河控制量建议指标。
[Abstract]:The analysis and evaluation of water environment is to evaluate the quality of water environment according to certain criteria and evaluation methods, to analyze the development trend of water environment quality, and to evaluate the influence of human activities on water environment quality. Water resources are the basic natural resources for the survival of all living things and the irreplaceable production of industry and agriculture as well as the strategic economic resources for economic development and improvement of ecological environment. In recent years, with the rapid development of society and economy, the water consumption and pollutant discharge are increasing, which makes the carrying capacity of water environment seriously insufficient. The crisis of water resources caused by the shortage of water resources and the increasing pollution of water environment has become one of the important factors restricting the sustainable development of economy and society. On the basis of collecting and collating the water quality data of various water environment monitoring stations in Yichun area, this paper evaluates the water environment quality in this area, analyzes the surface water body's ability to absorb pollution, and takes the protection requirement and water quality target of the water function area as the core. According to the law of self-purification of water body, the capacity of different water function areas to absorb pollution is determined, and the capacity of water body to absorb pollution is taken as the constraint condition, and combined with the layout of social and economic development in Yichun area, the level of pollution control and the requirements of relevant laws and regulations, It is pointed out that the water environment quality of the main rivers in Yichun area, such as Tangwang River, Hulan River and Yichun River, is not ideal. The reach of Class III water quality reaches the standard of surface water environmental quality, and only 17.4% of the river reaches the level of water quality, and the waste water discharge is maintained at a relatively high level. The annual discharge of waste water is 69.44 million t, the annual discharge of main water pollutant COD is 13735.0 t, and the annual discharge of ammonia nitrogen is 1251.0 t.f.) the hydrological parameter rate is determined systematically, and the design water quantity of average discharge in dry season with 75% guarantee rate of general function area is put forward. The water environment sensitive chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the comprehensive attenuation coefficient of ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) were reasonably analyzed and tested, and the K value of the designed hydrological condition was given. The K value of the rivers in this area was 0.110-0.312. The K value of ammonia nitrogen is between 0.110-0.352 and 0.10 ~ 0.352) based on the one-dimensional calculation model of water capacity, the capacity of water function area is calculated. The results show that the capacity of COD in Yichun area is 4372.6 t / a, and the capacity of ammonia nitrogen is 307.0 t / a) to protect the target and discharge level of pollutants in water function area. This paper puts forward the suggested index of the control amount of pollutants entering the river in stages.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV213.4

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