三峡工程泥沙问题解决途径与运行效果研究

发布时间：2018-05-11 14:30

本文选题：三峡工程 + 蓄清排浑运行方式　；参考：《中国科学:技术科学》2017年08期

【摘要】：泥沙问题是三峡工程的关键技术问题之一,在三峡工程论证、设计、建设和运行的各个阶段,针对重大的工程泥沙问题进行了系统和持续的研究,提出了相应的解决方案.本文对三峡工程采用的减缓水库泥沙淤积与保持长期有效库容的运用方式、水库变动回水区港口与航道泥沙问题治理措施、枢纽引航道与电站引水防沙布置方案、坝下游河道长距离冲刷预测、河势变化及对航道影响的对策等进行了分析总结.2003年三峡水库蓄水运用以来水库淤积和坝下游河道冲刷情况分析表明:水库泥沙主要淤积在死库容,有效库容损失较少,库区航运条件得到大幅改善;坝下游河道发生长距离冲刷,冲刷强度不断向下游发展,河势总体基本稳定;长江中下游航道经过治理,航道维护水深有了较大提高.三峡工程泥沙问题的解决方案已得到初步检验,泥沙问题及其影响基本未超出论证与初步设计的预测.本文还对今后一段时期需要进一步研究的泥沙问题提出了建议,包括水库优化调度、坝下游河道冲刷、江湖关系变化和长江口演变等.
[Abstract]:Sediment problem is one of the key technical problems in the three Gorges Project. In every stage of demonstration, design, construction and operation of the three Gorges Project, a systematic and continuous study on the major sediment problem of the project is carried out, and corresponding solutions are put forward. In this paper, the methods of reducing sediment deposition and maintaining long-term effective storage capacity adopted by the three Gorges Project, the treatment measures of sediment problems in port and channel in the reservoir changing backwater area, and the arrangement scheme of diversion channel and sediment prevention of the hub diversion channel and power station are discussed. Long distance scour prediction of downstream channel of dam, The river regime change and its influence on waterway are analyzed and summarized. The analysis of reservoir siltation and river channel scour in the lower reaches of the dam since the operation of the three Gorges Reservoir in 2003 shows that the silt of the reservoir is mainly deposited in the dead reservoir, and the loss of the effective reservoir capacity is relatively small. The navigation conditions of the reservoir area have been greatly improved; the river channel in the lower reaches of the dam has been scoured over a long distance, the scouring intensity is developing to the downstream, and the river regime is basically stable; the waterway maintenance depth of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River has been greatly improved. The solution to the sediment problem of the three Gorges Project has been preliminarily tested, and the sediment problem and its influence have basically not exceeded the demonstration and preliminary design prediction. This paper also puts forward some suggestions for further study on sediment problems in the future, including reservoir optimal operation, channel scour down the dam, changes in the relationship between rivers and lakes and the evolution of the Yangtze River Estuary, etc.
【作者单位】：中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室;
【基金】：国家重点研发计划(编号:2016YFC0402304)资助项目
【分类号】：TV14;TV61

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