洪水风险分析模型的改进与耦合研究及其应用

发布时间：2018-05-15 23:38

本文选题：水动力学 + 改进　；参考：《天津大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：洪水灾害不仅威胁着人们的生命安全，还会造成巨大的经济损失。近年来，，治理洪水灾害的措施逐渐从工程措施转向了非工程措施。利用水动力学模型进行洪水风险分析是治理洪水的非工程措施之一。本文改进了传统的一维水动力学模型和二维水动力学模型，建立了一、二维实时动态耦合模型。利用该模型模拟了河道以及洪泛区的洪水演进情况，利用模拟结果编制了洪水风险图。本文主要的研究成果包括：（1）针对传统的一维水动力学模型在计算过程中，为满足柯朗条件而导致计算耗时太长的问题，本文提出了利用神经网络来优化时间步长的方法。该方法可优化传统的水动力学模型，使模型在满足稳定性的同时，减少了计算耗时。（2）洪水溃坝后在洪泛区演进过程中，洪水前锋还未到达的区域是不参与模型计算的。为了提高计算效率，本文利用干水深和湿水深理论，通过判断网格和通道的水深确定参与计算的网格，优化了计算流程，减少了计算耗时。（3）传统的一维和二维洪水风险分析模型通常是独立的模块，无法模拟一维河道和二维洪泛区洪水同时发生的问题。本文把一维模型和二维模型通过时间同步和空间节点耦合的方法，建立了一、二维实时动态耦合模型，该模型在模拟溃堤、漫堤等问题时，计算结果比传统模型更加合理。（4）利用一维水动力学模型，模拟了淮河干流遭遇典型年份的洪水时，河道的水位和流量的变化情况。利用二维水动力学模型，模拟了谷堆圩保护区在遭遇典型年份的洪水时，溃堤洪水的演进情况。利用一、二维实时动态耦合模型，模拟了淮河干流溃堤时，河道水位、流量以及谷堆圩保护区的洪水演进的情况。（5）利用洪水模拟结果，根据国家的标准规范，研究了洪水风险图的编制方法，研制了谷堆圩保护区洪水风险图。
[Abstract]:Flood disasters not only threaten people's lives, but also cause huge economic losses. In recent years, flood control measures have gradually shifted from engineering measures to non-engineering measures. Flood risk analysis based on hydrodynamic model is one of the non-engineering measures for flood control. In this paper, the traditional one dimensional hydrodynamic model and two dimensional hydrodynamic model are improved, and one and two dimensional real time dynamic coupling models are established. The model is used to simulate the flood routing of the river and floodplain area, and the flood risk map is compiled by the simulation results. The main research results of this paper are as follows: 1) to solve the problem that the computational time is too long for the traditional one-dimensional hydrodynamic model in order to satisfy the condition of Coland, this paper proposes a method of optimizing the time step by using neural network. This method can optimize the traditional hydrodynamic model and reduce the computational time while satisfying the stability of the model. 2) in the course of flood routing after dam break, the areas that the flood front has not arrived are not involved in the calculation of the model. In order to improve the calculation efficiency, this paper uses the dry and wet water depth theory to determine the grid participating in the calculation by judging the water depth of the grid and the channel, and optimizes the calculation flow and reduces the calculation time. 3) the traditional one-dimensional and two-dimensional flood risk analysis models are usually independent modules, which can not simulate the problems of one-dimensional channel and two-dimensional flood simultaneously. In this paper, one and two dimensional real time dynamic coupling models are established by the method of time synchronization and spatial node coupling. The results of this model are more reasonable than those of the traditional model in simulating the problems of embankment break and overtopping. Using one dimensional hydrodynamic model, the variation of water level and discharge of Huaihe River in typical years is simulated. A two-dimensional hydrodynamic model was used to simulate the leved-break flood in Guduiwei protected area during the typical years of flood. By using the two dimensional real time dynamic coupling model, the river level, discharge and flood evolution in Guduanwei protection area are simulated when the main stream of Huaihe River breaks its embankment. 5) based on the results of flood simulation and according to the national standard, the method of compiling flood risk map is studied, and the flood risk map of Guduiwei protection area is developed.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV122

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