绿色建筑屋顶径流控制优化技术研究

发布时间：2018-05-17 04:25

本文选题：绿色建筑 + 屋顶绿化　；参考：《重庆大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：雨水对水资源的调节、补充以及生态环境的改善起着重要的作用，是城市水循环系统中的关键环节。建筑与小区是城市雨水排水系统的起端，建筑与小区雨水的有序排放与高效利用是城市雨水资源化的重要环节，是城市雨水系统的优劣的关键。近年来，随着我国城市化进程的不断加快，不透水面积比例增高、径流系数增大、汇流时间缩短致使洪峰流量加大，降雨所带来的城市洪涝灾害和水污染问题越加凸显。屋顶绿化技术是绿色建筑与小区低影响开发雨水径流源头控制的重要组成部分，是绿色建筑源头控制的源头。基于低影响开发理念，结合绿色建筑与小区的生态规划与建设需求，以深圳市育新学校为研究示范基地，针对屋顶绿化基质厚度和基质类型两个屋顶绿化属性因素展开了绿色建筑屋顶径流控制优化优化技术研究，并对适合深圳地区的屋顶绿化技术进行遴选，得出主要结论如下： ①屋顶绿化基质厚度的增加能够使屋顶绿化的径流开始时间延迟、径流结束时间滞后，径流峰值流量减小，径流截留量增加，基质厚度的增加能够屋顶绿化径流水量控制效果更好。屋顶绿化基质厚度与土壤含水率最大时所需时间呈正相关，与降雨前后土壤含水率增加量呈反相关。暴雨强度对基质厚度较大的屋顶绿化径流水量特性影响较小，基质厚度的增加，屋顶绿化抵抗暴雨冲击能力加强。前期干旱天数对基质厚度较大的屋顶绿化径流水量特性影响显著，前期干旱天数增加，基质厚度较大的屋顶绿化径流水量控制效果更好。 ②不同基质厚度的屋顶绿化具有良好的中和能力与硝化能力，屋顶绿化表现为磷的释放，屋顶绿化基质厚度的增加，硝化作用充分，对总氮和氨氮的控制效果更好，对磷的控制效果的提升作用不显著。屋顶绿化对径流污染负荷的削减，依赖于对径流体积的削减。屋顶绿化基质厚度的增加能显著降低暴雨径流中氮磷与有机物的污染负荷降低，，提高污染负荷削减率。 ③珍珠岩屋顶绿化能够使屋顶绿化的径流开始时间延迟、径流结束时间滞后，径流峰值流量减小，径流截留量增加，珍珠岩屋顶绿化的水量特性更适合屋顶绿化水量控制。珍珠岩屋顶绿化能够使土壤含水率最大时所需时间增长，土壤含水率增加量提高。暴雨强度对珍珠岩屋顶绿化径流水量特性影响较小，珍珠岩屋顶绿化抵抗暴雨冲击能力强。前期干旱天数与不同基质的屋顶绿化径流水量特性规律性明显，前期干旱天数对珍珠岩屋顶绿化径流水量特性影响显著，前期干旱天数增加，珍珠岩屋顶绿化径流水量控制效果更好。 ④不同基质类型的屋顶绿化具有良好的中和能力与硝化能力，再生砖屋顶绿化对氮的控制效果更好，总氮、硝氮的污染负荷削减率高，而珍珠岩屋顶绿化更适合于磷的控制，总磷污染负荷削减率高。 ⑤屋顶绿化径流污染负荷的削减，依赖于屋顶绿化对径流体积的削减，基质厚度与径流削减显著正相关，土壤持水能力可以潜在的表征雨水径流削减能力，屋顶绿化径流水量控制可以从屋顶绿化土壤含水率角度进行分析。基质厚度200mm、基质类型为珍珠岩基质的屋顶绿化宜进行深圳市屋顶雨水径流水量和磷的控制，基质厚度200mm、基质类型为再生砖的屋顶绿化宜对深圳屋顶径流中有机物和氮进行控制。绿色建筑屋顶径流控制优化技术的研究成果，将为绿色建筑屋顶雨水径流控制与深圳市屋顶绿化遴选提供理论依据与技术支持。
[Abstract]:The rainwater plays an important role in regulating water resources, supplementing and improving the ecological environment. It is the key link in the urban water circulation system. The building and the residential area are the beginning of the urban rainwater drainage system. The orderly discharge and efficient utilization of the rainwater in the building and the residential area are the important links of the urban rainwater resources and the advantages and disadvantages of the urban rainwater system. In recent years, with the continuous acceleration of urbanization process in China, the proportion of water permeable area is increasing, the runoff coefficient is increased, the flow time is shortened, the flood peak flow is increased, the urban flood disaster and water pollution caused by the rainfall are more prominent. The roof greening technology is the source control of the green color building and the low impact development of the rainwater runoff. The important part of the system is the source of green building source control.
Based on the concept of low impact development, combined with the ecological planning and construction requirements of green buildings and communities, and taking Shenzhen Yuxin school as a demonstration base, the optimization of green roof runoff control optimization technology was studied for two roof greening property factors of roof greening matrix and matrix type, and suitable for Shenzhen area. The selection of roof greening technology was carried out and the main conclusions were as follows:
The increase of the roof greening matrix thickness can make the start time of the roof greening delay, the time lag of the runoff, the decrease of the peak flow rate, the increase of the runoff interception and the better control effect of the roof greening runoff. The time required for the thickness of the roof greening matrix and the maximum soil moisture content is Cheng Zhengxiang There is an inverse correlation with the increase of soil moisture content before and after the rainfall. Rainstorm intensity has less influence on the water flow characteristics of the roof greening diameter of the matrix with larger matrix thickness, the increase of the thickness of the matrix and the strengthening of the roof greening resistance to the rainstorm impact. Increasing the number of days, the greater the matrix thickness of roof greening runoff control effect is better.
The roof greening with different substrate thickness has good neutralization capacity and nitrification ability. The roof greening shows the release of phosphorus, the increase of the thickness of the roof greening matrix, the full nitrification effect, the better control effect on the total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen, and the improvement of the control effect of phosphorus. The reduction of the roof greening to the runoff pollution load is based on the reduction of the roof greening. The increase of the thickness of the roof greening matrix can significantly reduce the pollution load of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter in the rainstorm, and increase the reduction rate of the pollution load.
The afforestation of perlite roof can make the starting time of the roof greening delay, the runoff time lag, the peak flow rate decrease, the runoff interception increase, the water characteristics of the perlite roof greening are more suitable for the roof greening water control. The increase of water rate increased. The intensity of rainstorm has little influence on the water flow characteristics of the green roof of perlite, and the afforestation of perlite roof has strong ability to resist the impact of the rainstorm. The number of early drought days and the roof greening of different substrates has obvious regularity. The early drought days have significant influence on the water quantity characteristics of the green roof of perlite roof. Increasing the number of drought days, the control effect of perlite roof greening is better.
The green roof afforestation with different matrix types has good neutralization capacity and nitrification ability. The regenerated brick roof afforestation has better control effect on nitrogen, the reduction rate of total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen is high, while the green roof greening of perlite is more suitable for the control of phosphorus, and the reduction rate of total phosphorus pollution load is high.
The reduction of green roof runoff pollution load depends on the reduction of runoff volume by roof greening. The thickness of matrix is significantly positively correlated with runoff reduction. The water holding capacity of the soil can potentially represent the reducing capacity of rainwater runoff. The control of roof greening runoff can be analyzed from the angle of the water content of the roof greening soil. The thickness of the matrix is 200mm, The roof greening of perlite matrix should be controlled by the water volume and phosphorus of the roof of Shenzhen. The thickness of the matrix is 200mm. The roof greening of the recycled brick should be controlled by the organic matter and nitrogen in the runoff of the roof of Shenzhen.
The research results of the green building roof runoff control optimization technology will provide the theoretical basis and technical support for the green building roof rainwater runoff control and the Shenzhen roof greening selection.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV213.9;TU823

【参考文献】