城镇生态景观渠设计研究与示范

发布时间：2018-05-21 05:12

本文选题：沟渠 + 生态景观化设计　；参考：《四川农业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：沟渠主要是为灌溉输水、抗旱排涝而修建的人工输、配水设施,是耕地的命脉,对确保粮食安全至关重要。随着社会经济、城乡一体化的快速发展与建设,越来越多的沟渠开始穿过城镇,不仅承担灌溉、排水等传统功能,还需具有保护生态环境、提供绿地等的生态功能,并兼具休闲、娱乐、景观等社会功能。而现有的沟渠工程往往以经济节约、结构安全、输水高效及方便管理等为主要目的,缺乏景观、生态、人文考虑,造成渠内生态环境恶化,生物物种减少甚至灭绝。积极开展沟渠生态景观功能的技术改进与优化,打造融生态性、景观性、经济性及功能性于一体的城镇生态景观沟渠,特别迫切与必要,已成为当前的研究热点,具有重要的理论和实际意义。本文针对现有沟渠工程规划、设计与建设中忽视生态环境恶化的问题,基于理论分析、实验研究、优化设计及应用示范,提出了城镇生态景观渠优化设计方案与体系,并研究了一系列关键技术。首先,针对动物掉入渠内无法跳出渠道从而导致死亡的状况,选择青蛙作为动物样本对其运动习性开展了试验研究,测定了其能跳跃的最大垂直边坡高度、能爬出的最大倾斜边坡及生态板边坡,试验得到的数据为沟渠的生态化设计提供了科学依据。其次,基于国内外研究资料、试验结果,并结合工程项目区条件、功能要求等综合因素,分别针对功能、生态、景观、人文等因素对沟渠进行优化设计研究。第三,将研究成果应用于芦山县城区生态景观渠工程建设中,筹协调了沟渠的生产、生态、景观、生活等功能需求。主要成果有：①设计坡度较缓的梯形断面,以便青蛙等动物能顺利跳出沟渠；②对渠道进行生态衬砌,以便在渠道内种植水生植物,并为动物提供栖息空间；③建设生态桥,以便动物能自由穿行于渠道左右两岸；④生态护坡,以防止水土流失并保持原有生态环境；⑤设置绿化带,用于种植植物,达到美化环境的目的；⑥配置凉亭、座椅、路灯、阶梯等休闲、便民与亲水附属设施,以方便居民休闲、娱乐等。本文将农田水利学、生态学、生物学、景观学及环境学等多种学科交叉融合,系统统筹区域生态、景观功能需求、城镇化发展,在传统沟渠的基础上,构建了城镇生态景观渠设计新模式,在满足沟渠输水效率要求的基础上,很好的解决了以往沟渠规划、设计和建设中只注重输水效率而忽视生态功能、渠内环境恶化等问题,取得了很好的经济、生态和环境效益,应用前景广阔,有利于促进沟渠水利设施朝着生态化、景观化、可持续利用方向发展。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development and construction of the integration of urban and rural areas, more and more ditches begin to pass through the cities and towns with the rapid development and construction of the integration of urban and rural areas, which not only bear the traditional functions of irrigation and drainage, but also have the protection of the ecological ring. It provides ecological functions such as green space, and has social functions such as leisure, entertainment and landscape. The existing ditch projects are mainly aimed at economic saving, structural safety, high efficiency and convenient management, and lack of landscape, ecology and humanistic consideration, resulting in the deterioration of the natural environment in the canal and the reduction and even extinction of the biological species. Active ditches are carried out. The technical improvement and optimization of the ecological landscape function and the building of ecological, landscape, economic and functional urban ecological landscape trenches are especially urgent and necessary. It has become a hot research topic at present, and has important theoretical and practical significance. In this paper, the ecological environment deterioration is ignored in the design and construction of the existing ditch and canal project. On the basis of theoretical analysis, experimental research, optimization design and application demonstration, the optimization design scheme and system of urban ecological landscape canal were put forward, and a series of key technologies were studied. First, the situation that the animal could not jump out of the canal and lead to the death situation, the frog was selected as an animal sample to carry out the exercise test. The maximum vertical slope height, the maximum slope slope and the ecological plate slope can be climbed out. The data obtained from the experiment provide a scientific basis for the ecological design of the ditch. Secondly, based on the research data at home and abroad, the experimental results, and the comprehensive factors such as the conditions of the project area and the functional requirements, and so on. Function, ecology, landscape, humanities and other factors to optimize the design of the ditch. Third, the research results are applied to the construction of the ecological landscape canal project in Lushan County, which coordinate the production, ecological, landscape, life and other functional requirements of the ditch. The main achievements are as follows: (1) the design of a slow gradient of the trapezoid section so that the animals can jump smoothly and so on. In order to plant the aquatic plants and provide the living space for the animals, the ecological bridge should be built so that the animals can go through the channel freely. (4) ecological slope protection to prevent soil erosion and maintain the original ecological environment; and set green belts for planting plants to reach the beauty. With the purpose of changing the environment; (6) configuring the pavilion, seat, street lamp, staircase and other leisure, convenient people and hydrophilic accessory facilities to facilitate the leisure and entertainment of the residents. This article will integrate the fields of farmland water conservancy, ecology, biology, landscape and environment, and systematically coordinate regional ecology, landscape function demand, urbanization development and traditional ditches. On the basis of this, a new model of urban ecological landscape canal design has been constructed. On the basis of meeting the requirements of water transport efficiency in the ditch, it has solved the previous channel planning well. In the design and construction, it only pays attention to the water transport efficiency, neglects the ecological function and the environmental deterioration in the canal, and has achieved good economic, ecological and environmental benefits, and has a broad application prospect. It is conducive to promoting the development of ditches and water conservancy facilities in the direction of ecological, landscape and sustainable utilization.
【学位授予单位】：四川农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU984.18;TV672

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