天津市城市雨水管理思路研究

发布时间：2018-05-25 22:42

本文选题：雨水管理 + 雨水管理可行性分析　；参考：《天津大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：由于频繁发生的极端气候，日益加快的城市化步伐，呈指数增长的硬化铺装比例，全球水资源量的告急，致使雨洪径流同城市排水系统之间的矛盾日益突出，威胁居民安全。单纯的排水不但加大了排水系统压力，而且浪费掉雨水作为一种水资源的潜在价值，于是适合各自城市发展的雨水管理体系应运而生。本文以天津市为研究对象，通过对国外发达国家雨水管理理念、雨水管理设计方法及成功案例的借鉴，对天津城市雨水管理思路进行研究，主要研究内容及结论如下：（1）从三个角度：技术、经济、环境效益，对天津城市雨水管理的可行性与否经行分析。分析结果表明：天津市年均降雨量511.6mm满足雨水利用对降雨量的要求，中心城区土质为砂质土满足渗蓄工程渗透系数要求，但以盐碱土壤为主的塘沽、汉沽及大港等滨海地区城市，雨水渗透技术不适合在当地开展，建议雨水利用以蓄水工程为主；雨水利用工程可节省的污水处理投资费用2.18亿/a、市政绿化和居民支出水费325.75万/a，创造14.24元/m2的总绿地生态价值。（2）从大尺度和小尺度两种角度出发制定天津市雨水管理设计方案。大尺度规划着重对城市河道的管理，规定水文区位指数下限为0.4。小尺度管理着重对住宅区、街道等特定功能区的管理，经计算天津地区低碳生态小区的场地综合径流系数宜控制在0.53~0.58，且上下浮动不宜超过2%。下凹式公路隔离带下凹深度宜为300mm。（3）建设天津市雨水管理信息平台，保证市民的知情权；完善天津市相关法律法规，明确水权问题，借鉴新西兰雨水管理法律法规并结合天津市自身地理条件等，制定《天津市海岸保护规划》《土壤流失控制规划》和空气、土地、水保护规划；通过几种典型算法：单因子等效成本法和污染费法、多因子污染当量法，以及费用分摊法和雨水径流系数法的结合，，分别计算不同算法下雨水费用，由于资料的缺乏，不建议选择前两种方法，后两种方法可以根据当地的实际情况结合考虑；对不同居住功能区的雨水征收方式作出建议；结合国外雨水补助方式，明确天津市雨水补助制度制定思路，规范补偿金管理；通过专业队伍建设、设备补充管理等加强天津市雨水管理措施的养护管理。
[Abstract]:Due to the frequent extreme climate, the accelerating pace of urbanization, the exponential increase in the proportion of hardened pavement, and the urgency of global water resources, the contradiction between stormwater runoff and urban drainage system is becoming increasingly prominent, threatening the safety of residents. The simple drainage not only increases the pressure of drainage system, but also wastes the potential value of Rain Water as a kind of water resource, so the Rain Water management system suitable for the development of their respective cities arises at the historic moment. This article takes Tianjin as the research object, through to the foreign developed country Rain Water management idea, the Rain Water management design method and the successful case reference, carries on the research to Tianjin city Rain Water management thought, the main research content and the conclusion are as follows: This paper analyzes the feasibility of Rain Water management in Tianjin from three aspects: technology, economy and environmental benefit. The results show that the average annual rainfall of Tianjin 511.6mm can meet the requirement of Rain Water utilization of rainfall, the soil quality of central urban area is sandy soil to meet the requirement of permeation and storage engineering permeability coefficient, but Tanggu, which is dominated by saline-alkali soil, meets the requirement of permeation and storage engineering. In coastal cities such as Hangu and Dagang, Rain Water permeation technology is not suitable for local development. It is suggested that water storage project should be the main use of Rain Water. Rain Water uses the investment cost of sewage treatment saved by the project to be 218 million / a, municipal greening and residents spending water cost 3.2575 million / a, creating 14.24 yuan / m ~ 2 of total green ecological value. From the view of large scale and small scale, the design scheme of Tianjin Rain Water management is formulated. Large-scale planning focuses on the management of urban watercourses, setting the lower limit of hydrological location index as 0.4. Small-scale management focuses on the management of residential areas, streets and other specific functional areas. After calculation, the site comprehensive runoff coefficient of low carbon ecological district in Tianjin should be controlled at 0.53 ~ 0.58, and the fluctuation up and down should not exceed 2. The depth of the concave road should be 300 mm. To build Tianjin Rain Water management information platform to ensure the citizens' right to know, to perfect Tianjin's relevant laws and regulations, to clarify water rights issues, to draw lessons from New Zealand's Rain Water management laws and regulations and to combine Tianjin's own geographical conditions, etc. To formulate "Tianjin Coastal Protection Program" soil loss Control Planning "and" Air, Land and Water Conservation Planning "; through several typical algorithms: single factor equivalent cost method and pollution fee method, multi-factor pollution equivalent method, As well as the combination of cost sharing method and Rain Water runoff coefficient method to calculate the rain water cost of different algorithms respectively. Because of the lack of data, it is not recommended to choose the first two methods, the latter two methods can be considered according to the local actual situation. To make suggestions on Rain Water levy in different residential functional areas, to make clear the train of thought of Tianjin's Rain Water subsidy system, to standardize the management of compensation funds, to make clear the ideas of Tianjin's Rain Water subsidy system, and to establish a professional team through the construction of professional teams. Equipment supplementary management and other strengthening of Tianjin Rain Water management measures maintenance management.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU992;TV213.9

【参考文献】