渠道防渗保温防冻胀技术标准化模式研究

发布时间：2018-05-29 07:28

本文选题：渠道防渗 + 保温防冻胀　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：渠道冻胀破坏是我国北方季节性冻土地区发展节水农业、推广渠道防渗工程技术的关键制约因素。本文在分析我国渠道保温防冻胀技术研究及应用的基础上，系统总结了渠道冻胀破坏的影响因素，通过分析调研资料和渠道保温防冻胀试验结果，提出了渠道防渗保温防冻胀标准化结构型式，确定了其适用条件和范围，，建立了基于热阻等效原理的保温层厚度计算公式，并利用试验数据对公式进行了分析验证。主要研究成果如下：（1）通过黑龙江省蛤蟆通灌区保温防冻胀试验结果分析，无保温措施的防渗衬砌渠道，在冻结期间渠基地温受外界气温波动的影响较大，日变幅剧烈，冻结过程中土层温度的变幅较快，冻胀量比较大；采用保温措施的防渗衬砌渠道，在冻结期间渠基地温受外界气温波动的影响较小，变幅较小，变化较平缓，冻胀量较小。表明铺设保温板后具有明显的保温作用，可以有效地防止或减弱渠道的冻胀破坏。（2）提出了渠道防渗保温防冻胀标准化结构模式，包括渠道防渗保温防冻胀标准化结构型式及其适用条件和范围，认为保温防冻胀措施可以有效的防止或减弱渠道的冻胀破坏，其适用于渠基土质为冻胀性土、冻胀破坏较为严重、地下水位低于渠底的季节性冻土地区的大中型刚性衬砌防渗渠道，同时砂砾石、粗砂等非冻胀材料缺少且价格较高的地区。（3）针对渠道防渗保温防冻胀标准化结构型式，建立了基于热阻等效原理的保温层厚度计算公式，确定了计算过程中相关参数的计算和选取办法，并利用蛤蟆通灌区试验观测数据对公式进行了验证，结果表明利用该公式的计算结果和试验确定的最优保温层厚度基本相符，说明该公式具有一定的合理性和可靠性，能够适用于东北相似地区渠道保温防冻胀设计中计算保温层厚度时应用，对渠道防渗保温防冻胀技术的进一步推广应用具有重要的指导意义。
[Abstract]:The frost heave of the channel is the key factor for the development of water-saving agriculture in the northern frozen soil area of the north of our country and the extension of the seepage prevention engineering technology. On the basis of the analysis of the research and application of the heat preservation and frost heave technology in our country, this paper systematically summarizes the influence factors of the frost heave damage in the channel, and through the analysis of the investigation data and the heat preservation and anti frost heave of the channels. The test results, put forward the standard structure type of canal seepage prevention and thermal insulation anti frost heave, determine its applicable conditions and scope, establish the calculation formula of thermal insulation thickness based on the principle of thermal resistance equivalent, and use the test data to analyze and verify the formula. The main research results are as follows:
(1) through the analysis of the test results of heat preservation and frost heave in Heilongjiang toad irrigation area, the seepage prevention lining channel without insulation measures, during the freezing period, the temperature of the canal base is greatly influenced by the external temperature fluctuation, the diurnal amplitude is intense, the temperature of the soil layer is fast and the frost heave is relatively large during the freezing process, and the seepage prevention lining channel with the insulation measures is frozen. The temperature of the canal base is less affected by the fluctuation of the outside temperature, the variation is smaller, the change is relatively gentle and the frost heave is small. It shows that the thermal insulation board has obvious heat preservation effect and can effectively prevent or weaken the frost heave damage of the canal.
(2) the standard structure model of canal seepage prevention and thermal protection and frost prevention and frost prevention is put forward, including the structure type and its applicable conditions and scope of the canal seepage prevention, insulation and frost protection, and its applicable conditions and scope. It is considered that the measures of heat preservation and frost protection can effectively prevent or weaken the frost heave damage of the canal, which is suitable for the soil quality of the canal foundation to be frost heaving soil, the frost heave damage is more serious and the groundwater level is more serious. Large and medium rigid lining seepage control channels below the bottom of the canal, and at the same time, sand and gravel, coarse sand and other non frost heave materials are lacking and the price is higher.
(3) in view of the standard structure pattern of anti seepage and frost prevention in the canal, a formula for calculating the thickness of insulation layer based on the principle of thermal resistance equivalence is established, and the calculation and selection of relevant parameters in the calculation process are determined. The formula is verified with the experimental observation data of the toad irrigation area. The results show that the calculation results and tests of the formula are used. The optimum insulation thickness is basically consistent, which shows that the formula has a certain rationality and reliability, and can be applied to the application of thermal insulation thickness in the heat preservation and anti frost heave design in similar areas in Northeast China, and it is of great guiding significance for the further extension of the anti seepage and frost prevention and expansion technology of the canal.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV698.26

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