水库型水源浊度预测分析

发布时间：2018-06-02 02:01

本文选题：水库 + 泥沙　；参考：《太原理工大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：水资源的短缺及污染问题在逐年加深,现已经严重影响到居民的用水安全,甚至由于水污染控制的相对滞后出现了水质性缺水。我国一直在不断的修订和加强饮用水卫生标准,以缩小我国水质标准与国际标准的差距,更好的保障人民群众的健康。浊度一直是水环境及水资源领域的常规观测项目。对饮用水而言,浊度较大意味着水中各种微粒或微生物含量较高,不利于饮用者的健康,为此各国政府都制订了饮用水和废水排放的浊度、固体悬浮物标准。水库作为一种多功能的水利工程,通常是周边及下游居民生活及工农业用水的水源或后备水源。一个水库内的浊度波动可同时影响着下游多个水厂的运行状况,导致水厂的运行成本的升高,而水厂的出水水质也都不同程度地降低。因此,研究水库中浊度与悬浮物的运动规律,并进一步分析预测水源的浊度,对于监督预警水源水质的变化情况以及及时调整水处理设施的工艺运行,保证出水水质,保障居民用水安全具有重要意义。随着社会的发展,城市的数量与规模的加大,导致城市供需不平衡越来越严重,产生了水源不足等问题。因此,导致了水库尚在建设或未正常蓄水,地表水厂就要投产建设,即水库出水处的浊度尚无法实际测量,此时,需对水库出水口处的浊度进行预测。同时,北方水系含沙量较大,降水量年内分配不均匀,水库内的泥沙量变化巨大,其作为水源时浊度的变化具有突跃性特点,并且随着季节和气候等各种因素的变化而能够在短时间内引起原水浊度的突变,其改变的幅度甚至超出水厂能够承受的范围,对下游水处理设施的运行和供水水质将产生直接的影响。因此,有必要对水库水源的浊度进行预测分析,通过监控水源水质的变化情况及时调整水厂的工艺运行,保证出厂水水质。本论文的研究成果和主要技术方法可推广应用于其它地区类似项目的科研、生产工作,推进该方面的科技进步；因此本课题研究具有重要理论意义和实用价值。本研究得出的主要结论如下：(1)从水库产沙和输沙机理进行分析,根据水库泥沙的运动规律建立了水库悬移泥沙的沉降模型和运移模型,分析水库的悬移泥沙在不同位置的空间分布特征,具体为：悬移泥沙浓度沿水库水流方向逐渐减少,这主要是由于水库中的悬移泥沙沉降所致。悬移泥沙浓度在水库垂直方向上的分布是从上到下逐渐增加,这符合泥沙沉降后出现的上清下浑现象,并且在水库床底悬移泥沙浓度的变化率大于水库水面悬移泥沙浓度的变化率；(2)根据水库悬移泥沙粒径的级配,配制出不同浓度的悬移泥沙样在实验室进行了大量的浊度标定试验,以此建立了用水库悬移泥沙浓度预测水体浊度的模型,建立模型为：YNTU=0.3444Xppm-3.291(3)将建立的水库泥沙沉降模型、运移模型及浊度预测模型应用到松塔水库,得到其在丰水年、平水年、枯水年不同位置处水库的浊度预测值,并推算出水库出水口处的浊度值。
[Abstract]:The problem of water resources shortage and pollution is deepening year by year. Now it has seriously affected the safety of water for residents. Even because of the relative lag of water pollution control, water shortage has appeared. Our country has been constantly revising and strengthening the sanitary standard of drinking water, in order to narrow the gap between the standard of water quality and the international standard in our country, and to better protect the people group. The turbidity has always been a routine observation project in the water environment and water resources. For drinking water, the higher turbidity means that the content of various particles or microbes in the water is high and is not conducive to the health of the drinkers. Therefore, the governments of all countries have formulated the turbidity of the discharge of drinking water and waste water and the standard of solid suspension. The reservoir is a kind of multi-function. A water conservancy project is usually a water or back-up water source for the living and industrial and agricultural water of the surrounding and downstream residents. Turbidity fluctuations within a reservoir can simultaneously affect the operation of a number of water plants downstream, leading to an increase in the operation cost of the water plant, and the water quality of the water plant is reduced in varying degrees. Therefore, the turbidity in the reservoir is studied. It is of great significance to monitor the turbidity of the water source and predict the turbidity of the water source, to monitor the changes in the water quality of the early warning water source, to adjust the process of the water treatment facilities in time, to ensure the water quality of the water and to ensure the safety of the residents, and to increase the quantity and scale of the city with the development of the society, which leads to the supply and demand of the city. The imbalance is becoming more and more serious, resulting in the shortage of water source. Therefore, the reservoir is still in construction or unnormal water storage, and the surface water plant will be put into operation, that is, the turbidity of the water outlet of the reservoir is not yet measured. At this time, the turbidity of the reservoir outlet should be predicted. Meanwhile, the sediment in the northern water system is more sediment and the precipitation is allocated within the year. The change of turbidity in the water source in the reservoir is huge, and the turbidity of the water is abrupt. And it can cause the sudden change of the turbidity of the raw water in a short time with the change of various factors such as season and climate. The range of the change is even beyond the range that the water plant can bear, the operation and supply of the downstream water treatment facilities. Water quality will have a direct impact. Therefore, it is necessary to predict and analyze the turbidity of the water source of the reservoir. By monitoring the change of water quality, the process of the water plant is adjusted in time to ensure the water quality of the plant. The research results and the main technical methods of this paper can be applied to the scientific research and production of similar projects in other areas. This research has important theoretical significance and practical value. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) the mechanism of sediment sediment production and sediment transport in the reservoir is analyzed, and the sedimentation model and migration model of the suspended sediment in the reservoir are established according to the movement law of the reservoir sediment, and the suspended sediment of the reservoir is analyzed. The spatial distribution characteristics in different positions are as follows: the suspended sediment concentration gradually decreases along the flow direction of the reservoir, which is mainly due to the suspended sediment settlement in the reservoir. The distribution of suspended sediment concentration in the vertical direction of the reservoir is gradually increased from upper to lower, which is in accordance with the muddy phenomenon of the upper and lower supernatants after the sediment settlement and in the water. The change rate of suspended sediment concentration in the base of the reservoir is greater than the change rate of the sediment concentration in the water surface of the reservoir. (2) a large number of turbidity calibration tests have been made in the laboratory according to the gradation of the suspended sediment particle size in the reservoir, and a model for predicting the turbidity of the water body with the suspended sediment concentration in the reservoir is established. The model is as follows: YNTU=0.3444Xppm-3.291 (3) the reservoir sediment settlement model, transport model and turbidity prediction model are applied to the song tower reservoir to obtain the turbidity of the reservoir at different locations in the year of high water, flat water and dry water, and to calculate the turbidity value at the outlet of the water reservoir.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV145

【参考文献】