两叶片灯泡贯流式水轮机设计及流动分析

发布时间：2018-06-08 16:37

本文选题：贯流式水轮机 + 转轮设计　；参考：《华南理工大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：高比转速可动翼贯流式水轮机适用于3~25m的低落差大流量的水力发电，作为利用低水头能源的优势机型被重视并正在加紧进行开发。我国沿海地区工业发展迅速，区域电力不足严重，加之潮汐电站的需求，非常希望尽快开发超低落差大流量灯泡贯流式水轮发电机组。灯泡贯流式机组比起其它高水头发电机组尚属新的机种，国外已较多见使用超低落差水轮机，但真机形状基于经验进行设计的较多，，少见理论研究及设计报告发表，现在我国灯泡贯流式水轮机组技术依靠进口较多。本论文在本研究室以往对三、四、五叶片灯泡贯流水轮机的CFD计算结果和模型试验的基础上，进行两叶片灯泡贯流水轮机的研究，力求获得更高比转速，亦即适用于更低落差更大流量的水力发电机组。论文运用转轮翼型公平负荷设计的新理念及方法，通过对决定翼型负荷分布的欧拉能量进行控制，使得沿转轮翼型骨线的负荷分布合理，进而获得叶片诸流线上最佳设计角度取得转轮翼型。设计转轮叶片时不仅对每条骨线进行目标控制，同时对整个叶片骨线间也进行综合考察，以保持其流动的一贯性，从根本上力求叶片性能的良好性。综合控制目标还包括：相对流动角的分布、欧拉能量分布、转轮叶片的负荷变化等。叶片设计完成后进行了水轮机全流道CFD数值计算，分析两叶片贯流水轮机特别是转轮内部的流动状态，评价其性能及特性，比较了水轮机在大开度、小开度和最优工况时的内部流动，分析表明设计的水轮机具有较好的流动特性。本研究开发的两叶片水轮机数值仿真实验结果表明，新设计的两叶片灯泡贯流式水轮机具有较好的性能，证明了设计的可行性，所取得的研究成果可为优化设计及运行提供技术支持。设计的两叶片转轮为可动翼转轮，运行中叶片可以转动角度以适应落差及流量的变化。论文用CFD数值分析的方法成功预测了水轮机活动导叶开度αG与转轮叶片转角φR的最优协联关系，得到了水轮机协联工况曲线，水轮机在该曲线上的工况点运行能取得较高的效率和良好的稳定性。而以往协联工况是通过物理试验来得到的，需要试验设备、高额费用及大量时间的支撑才能完成。论文将设计的两叶片转轮机组与三、四、五叶片的转轮机组进行比较，探究了不同叶片数之间贯流式水轮机性能的差异，力争完成、完善机组的系统设计。
[Abstract]:High specific speed movable wing tubular turbine is suitable for low drop and large flow hydroelectric power generation of 310m. As a superior type of low head energy source, it is being paid more attention to and is being developed intensively. With the rapid development of industry and the serious shortage of regional electric power in coastal areas of China, coupled with the demand of tidal power stations, it is very desirable to develop ultra-low drop large flow bulb tubular turbine generator sets as soon as possible. Bulb tubular turbine is a new type of generator compared with other high-head generating units. Ultra low drop turbine has been widely used in foreign countries, but the real machine shape is designed more based on experience, and few theoretical studies and design reports are published. At present, the technology of bulb tubular turbine sets in China depends on more imports. This paper is based on the CFD calculation results and model tests of three, four and five vane bulb tubular turbines in our laboratory. In order to obtain a higher specific speed, this paper makes an effort to obtain a higher specific speed, which is suitable for hydroelectric generating units with lower drop and larger flow rate. In this paper, the new concept and method of fair load design for runner airfoil are used to control the Euler energy which determines the load distribution of airfoil, so that the load distribution along the bone line of the wing is reasonable. Then the optimal design angle on the blade streamlines is obtained and the runner airfoil is obtained. In the design of runner blades, not only each bone line is controlled by objective, but also the whole blade bone line is investigated synthetically to maintain the consistency of its flow and to strive for the good performance of the blade. The integrated control objectives also include the distribution of relative flow angle, Euler energy distribution, load change of runner blades, etc. In this paper, the flow state of two turbine blades, especially the runner, is analyzed, the performance and characteristics of the turbine are evaluated, and the internal flow of the turbine with large opening, small opening and optimal working condition is compared. The analysis shows that the designed turbine has better flow characteristics. The numerical simulation results of two-blade turbine show that the new design has better performance and proves the feasibility of the design. The research results can provide technical support for optimal design and operation. The two blades runner is movable wing runner, and the blade can be rotated in order to adapt to the change of drop and flow rate. In this paper, the CFD numerical analysis method is used to predict the optimal cocoupling relationship between the turbine guide blade opening 伪 G and the runner blade angle 蠁 R, and the coworking condition curve of the turbine is obtained. High efficiency and good stability can be achieved at the operating point of the turbine on the curve. In the past, the coconnecting conditions were obtained through physical tests, which required the support of test equipment, high cost and a large amount of time. In this paper, the designed two blade runner units were compared with the three, four and five blades runner units. This paper probes into the difference of performance of tubular turbine among different blade numbers, and tries to complete and perfect the system design of unit.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TK733.8

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