基于汾河干流基本生态需水的汾河水库生态补水研究

发布时间：2018-06-20 15:20

本文选题：汾河水库 + 年内同频率展布法　；参考：《太原理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：水利工程建设为人类合理开发水资源提供了有效的途经和方式,然而,大坝的修建使坝下河道的天然径流变化发生改变,导致流域生态环境的稳定性被破坏,使河流生态系统中的物种、生境条件以及系统的生态功能发生变化。本文以汾河水库下游的兰村、二坝和义棠水文断面为例,研究了满足不同河流断面基本生态基流量要求的汾河水库生态补水量,为汾河水库实施生态调度提供一定的基础,主要研究方法、内容和结果:(1)根据汾河干流1965~2013实测和天然径流资料,通过计算得到的反映径流特征的统计参数(均值和变差系数),分析了汾河干流径流年内和年际变化特征。结果表明:人类活动对兰村站干扰比较少,开发利用程度低,实测的径流过程较接近天然过程;二坝站和义棠站实测年均径流量比天然明显减少,此外这两个测站实测径流系列比天然径流系列变化幅度大,年径流分布更不均匀。(2)分别采用Tennant法、年内展布法、逐月最小生态径流计算法和年内同频率展布四种方法,计算汾河干流兰村、二坝、义棠三个测站的生态基流量。生态基流量年内同频率展布法是本文提出的一种基于年内展布法的新的计算方法。计算结果:兰村生态基流量年均值1.4 m3/s,二坝生态基流量年均值2.4m3/s,义棠生态基流量年均值4.0m3/s,且年内同频率法相比于其他方法更贴近天然状态下流量的年内丰枯变化,对河流的生态正直和规划有一些指导价值。(3)建立了相邻断面之间小流量演进模型,计算各断面所需生态补水量,尽可能将河道恢复为建坝前天然河道流量状态。计算结果:汾河水库提供的年内各月生态补水量(亿立方)依次为:0.23、0.22、0、0.21、0.21、0.20、0.11、0.13、0、0.04、0.22、0.22。
[Abstract]:The construction of water conservancy projects provides an effective way and way for the rational development of water resources. However, the construction of dams changes the natural runoff of the river channels under the dam, resulting in the destruction of the stability of the ecological environment of the river basin. Changes in species, habitat conditions, and ecosystem functions in river ecosystems. Taking the Lancun, Erba and Yitang hydrological sections in the lower reaches of Fenhe Reservoir as examples, this paper studies the ecological water replenishment capacity of Fenhe Reservoir which meets the basic ecological basic discharge requirements of different river sections, and provides a certain basis for the implementation of ecological regulation of Fenhe Reservoir. The main research methods, contents and results: based on the measured and natural runoff data of Fenhe main stream 1965~ (2013), the characteristics of annual and interannual variation of runoff in Fenhe River are analyzed by calculating the statistical parameters (mean value and coefficient of variation) that reflect the characteristics of runoff. The results show that the disturbance of human activities to Lancun station is relatively small, the degree of exploitation and utilization is low, the measured runoff process is close to the natural process, and the measured annual average annual runoff of Erba and Yitang stations is obviously less than that of natural ones. In addition, the measured runoff series of the two stations are larger than those of the natural runoff series, and the annual runoff distribution is more uneven. The Tennant method, the in-year distribution method, the monthly minimum ecological runoff calculation method and the same frequency distribution method are used respectively. Calculate the ecological base discharge of three stations: Lancun, Erba and Yitang. In this paper, a new method based on the annual distribution method is proposed for the distribution of the ecological base discharge with the same frequency in the year. The results showed that the annual average of ecological base discharge of Lancun was 1.4 m3 / s, the annual average of ecological base discharge of Erba was 2.4 m3 / s, and the annual average of ecological base discharge of Yitang was 4.0 m3 / s. It has some guiding value for ecological integrity and planning of rivers. (3) A model of small discharge evolution between adjacent sections is established to calculate the ecological rehydration amount required for each section, and to restore the channel to natural channel discharge state before dam construction as far as possible. The calculated results are as follows: the monthly ecological water supply (100 million cubic meters) provided by Fenhe Reservoir is: 1: 0.23 ~ 0.22 ~ 0.22 ~ 0 ~ 0.21 ~ 0.21 ~ 0.21 ~ 0.20 ~ 0.20 ~ 0.11 ~ 0.13 ~ 0.13 ~ 0 ~ 0.04 ~ 0.22 ~ 0.22 ~ 0.22.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TV213.4

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