水轮机金属材料及其涂层抗空蚀和沙浆冲蚀研究进展

发布时间：2018-06-21 01:12

本文选题：水轮机 + 空蚀　；参考：《表面技术》2016年10期

【摘要】：空蚀和沙浆冲蚀是对包括水轮机在内的水力机械过流元件产生破坏,进而降低其服役寿命的两种主要破坏形式。采用特定的工艺在水轮机过流元件基体材料表面沉积涂层,以提高元件的抗蚀性能受到越来越多的关注。综述了水轮机常用金属材料和近年来国内外研究人员对水轮机材料及其涂层空蚀和冲蚀失效机理的研究进展,针对国内外文献报道中采用的超音速火焰喷涂、激光熔覆、物理气相沉积和化学气相沉积等工艺制备的涂层的抗空蚀和沙浆冲蚀性能进行了重点论述。依据材料性质对文献中出现的表面强化材料进行分类,即合金材料、陶瓷材料、复合材料、金属玻璃材料和类金刚石材料五类,结合涂层制备工艺对各类涂层失效机理进行剖析。通过案例重点讨论了涂层的微观缺陷,如孔隙、裂纹、未熔颗粒,涂层的硬度,涂层与基材的结合强度,涂层的厚度等因素对抗蚀性能的影响。最后对其研究和应用现状,从工艺方法和材料两方面提出了展望,指出运用先进涂层技术和新型涂层材料制备高效涂层,是解决复杂多相流条件下空蚀和冲蚀联合问题的有效途径。
[Abstract]:Cavitation erosion and slurry erosion are two main failure modes that destroy hydraulic machinery overflowing elements including hydraulic turbines and thus reduce their service life. More and more attention has been paid to the coating on the substrate of hydraulic turbine overcurrent element by special process to improve the corrosion resistance of the element. The research progress on cavitation erosion and erosion failure mechanism of turbine materials and coatings in recent years is reviewed. The supersonic flame spraying and laser cladding used in domestic and foreign literatures are reviewed. The cavitation corrosion resistance and slurry erosion resistance of coatings prepared by physical vapor deposition and chemical vapor deposition are discussed in detail. According to the properties of materials, the surface strengthening materials appeared in the literature were classified into five categories: alloy material, ceramic material, composite material, metallic glass material and diamond-like material. Combined with coating preparation process, the failure mechanism of various coatings was analyzed. The effects of micro-defects, such as pores, cracks, unmelted particles, hardness of coating, bonding strength between coating and substrate, thickness of coating, on corrosion resistance were discussed. In the end, the research and application status of the coating are discussed. The advanced coating technology and new coating material are used to prepare high efficiency coating, and the prospect is put forward from the two aspects of technology and material. It is an effective way to solve the problem of cavitation erosion and erosion under complex multiphase flow.
【作者单位】：扬州大学;扬州市职业大学;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(51402255) 江苏省基础研究计划-青年基金(BK20140487)~~
【分类号】：TV734.1

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