新型竖轴潮流能转换装置数值与试验研究
发布时间：2018-07-24 22:04
【摘要】：随着社会的进步与经济的发展,全球对能源的需求量在逐年急剧增长。由于传统化石能源的过量消耗以及由此产生的环境污染问题也越来越严重,世界上很多国家已经开始对可再生能源如海洋能等相关能源进行研究与应用开发。其中海洋潮流能以其可预估性、节约陆地资源、能量密度高等优点逐渐成为人们的关注热点。 本文以15kW新型竖轴潮流能发电装置的海上试验为研究背景,首次提出新型同轴双转子竖轴水轮机。围绕此新型竖轴水轮机,首先对考虑支臂三维效应的单转子水轮机进行数值模拟与实验研究；其次根据单转子水轮机的数值模拟结果提出了改进自启动性能的双转子竖轴水轮机,对该水轮机进行了理论分析、数值模拟以及实海况海上试验研究；由于双转子水轮机是同轴安装两个转子,尽管提高了自启动性能,但同时也增加了主轴的疲劳破坏可能性,因此对主轴的疲劳安全可靠性进行了理论分析与数值仿真研究。论文的主要工作如下： (1)基于直升机旋翼转子固定涡理论对竖轴水轮机支臂的诱导速度产生机理进行了分析研究；分别建立竖轴水轮机在考虑有支臂和无支臂情况下的三维数值模型,研究分析了支臂端板效应对叶片表面压力场随尖速比的变化,并且对有无支臂存在下的切向力系数以及能量转换系数进行了对比分析。基于改进的Realizable κ-ε湍流模型对考虑支臂效应情况下的竖轴水轮机水动力性能进行了三维数值模拟。考虑三种不同翼型NACA0012.NACA0015.NACA4415以及圆形截面支臂,分析不同翼型厚度、不同翼型弯度支臂所产生的三维效应对转矩系数、能量转化系数的影响。针对竖轴水轮机自启动性能较差的问题,本文首次提出了新型同轴双转子水轮机。对新型同轴双转子水轮机水动力性能进行了数值分析研究,重点分析了其自启动性能,主要包括不同相位差安装角度对自启动性能的影响,并通过优选给出了最佳安装角度相位差。 (2)为了更加直观地获得考虑支臂效应的竖轴水轮机水动力性能以及验证数值模拟方法的可靠性,根据数值模型制作了不同类型支臂的竖轴水轮机,在波流水槽内进行了模型实验,通过物理模型实验对不同类型支臂的启动性能以及能量转化效率进行了实验研究,总结并给出了不同类型支臂水轮机的启动性能以及稳态转速。根据物理模型实验以及数值模拟的结果,设计制造了15kW竖轴双转子潮流能水轮机并进行实海况的试验研究。在实海况试验之前首先基于改进计算精度的Tidal Flow Development(TFD)潮流场数值模型对大连大小长山岛海域进行潮流场的数值模拟,得到该海域沿水深平均的潮流场分布,结合有效影响因子SIF评估方法对该海域潮流能进行了评估计算;同时针对试验海域潮流为往复流属性,提出以平均获能效率对潮流能进行周期性的能量转换效率评估方法。 (3)竖轴水轮机主轴承担着传递荷载、支撑叶片等作用,是潮流能发电装置的重要构件之一。本文首次提出利用应力修正系数方法修正材料的SN曲线,使修正后的SN曲线更符合实际构件的应力寿命时程。利用雨流法统计主轴所受到的周期疲劳载荷,并结合Miner线性累计疲劳损伤理论对主轴在额定工况下进行了疲劳特性分析研究。针对主轴会受到潮流往复运动产生的周期力以及与支撑框架和主轴之间相互作用影响,其荷载复杂、失效模式不能显式表达等问题,作者将基于支持向量机(SVM)的可靠性理论应用到主轴结构的可靠性计算中,对主轴结构体系可靠度的失效概率进行了仿真分析。
[Abstract]:With the progress of society and the development of economy, the demand for energy in the world is increasing rapidly year by year. The excessive consumption of traditional fossil energy and the resulting environmental pollution are becoming more and more serious. Many countries in the world have begun to study and develop renewable energy, such as marine energy, such as marine energy. Ocean tidal power has become a hot topic of concern because of its predicability, saving land resources and high energy density.
In this paper, a new type of coaxial double rotor vertical shaft hydraulic turbine is put forward for the first time with the study of the new vertical axis power flow power generation device of 15kW. Around this new vertical shaft hydraulic turbine, the numerical simulation and experimental study on the single rotor hydraulic turbine considering the three dimensional effect of the arm is first studied. A double rotor vertical shaft hydraulic turbine is proposed to improve the self starting performance. The theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and sea condition study of the turbine are carried out. The double rotor hydraulic turbine is equipped with two rotor coaxially, although it improves the self starting performance, but also increases the fatigue failure possibility of the spindle, so the fatigue of the spindle is exhausted. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation are carried out for safety and reliability of labor.
(1) based on the fixed vortex theory of the rotor rotor of a helicopter, the mechanism of the induced velocity of the arm of a vertical shaft turbine is analyzed and studied. The three-dimensional numerical model of a vertical shaft hydraulic turbine is set up in the case of a supporting arm and a no arm, and the change of the pressure field with the tip velocity of the arm end plate effect on the blade surface is studied and analyzed. The shear force coefficient and the energy conversion coefficient in the presence of the unsupported arm are compared. Based on the improved Realizable kappa - epsilon turbulence model, the hydrodynamic performance of a vertical shaft turbine under the support of the arm effect is numerically simulated. The analysis of three different airfoil NACA0012.NACA0015.NACA4415 and circular cross section branches is considered. In this paper, a new type of coaxial double rotor hydraulic turbine is proposed for the first time in this paper. The hydrodynamic performance of a new type of coaxial double rotor hydraulic turbine is numerically studied. The emphasis is on the hydrodynamic performance of a new type of coaxial double rotor hydraulic turbine. The self starting performance is analyzed, including the influence of different phase difference installation angles on the self starting performance, and the optimum installation angle and phase difference is given through optimization.
(2) in order to obtain the hydrodynamic performance of a vertical shaft turbine which considers the arm effect more intuitively and verify the reliability of the numerical simulation method, a vertical shaft turbine with different types of arm is made according to the numerical model. The model experiment is carried out in the wave flow tank, and the starting performance and the energy of the different types of arm are carried out by the physical model experiment. The experimental research on the efficiency of the quantity conversion is carried out. The starting performance and the steady state speed of the different type branch arm water turbine are summarized and given. According to the results of the physical model experiment and the numerical simulation, the experiment and research of the 15kW vertical shaft dual rotor power flow turbine and the actual sea condition are designed and manufactured. The first based on the actual sea condition test, the improvement meter is based on the actual sea condition test. The numerical model of the Tidal Flow Development (TFD) flow field with precision is used to simulate the tidal current field in the sea area of Changshan island in Dalian. The tidal current distribution along the water depth is obtained. The tidal current is evaluated and calculated with the effective factor SIF evaluation method, and the tidal current is a reciprocating flow in the experimental sea area. This paper proposes an energy conversion efficiency evaluation method based on average energy efficiency.
(3) the shaft of a vertical shaft hydraulic turbine is one of the important components of a power flow power generation device. This paper is first proposed to modify the SN curve of the material by the method of stress correction coefficient, so that the corrected SN curve is more consistent with the stress life time of the actual component. The cycle of the spindle is calculated by the rain flow method. According to the fatigue load and the Miner linear cumulative fatigue damage theory, the fatigue characteristics of the spindle are analyzed under the rated working condition. In view of the periodic force generated by the reciprocating motion of the main shaft and the interaction between the support frame and the spindle, the load is complex and the failure mode can not be expressed explicitly. The author will be the base The reliability theory of support vector machine (SVM) is applied to the reliability calculation of the spindle structure, and the failure probability of the reliability of the spindle structure system is simulated and analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TK730
本文编号：2142795
[Abstract]:With the progress of society and the development of economy, the demand for energy in the world is increasing rapidly year by year. The excessive consumption of traditional fossil energy and the resulting environmental pollution are becoming more and more serious. Many countries in the world have begun to study and develop renewable energy, such as marine energy, such as marine energy. Ocean tidal power has become a hot topic of concern because of its predicability, saving land resources and high energy density.
In this paper, a new type of coaxial double rotor vertical shaft hydraulic turbine is put forward for the first time with the study of the new vertical axis power flow power generation device of 15kW. Around this new vertical shaft hydraulic turbine, the numerical simulation and experimental study on the single rotor hydraulic turbine considering the three dimensional effect of the arm is first studied. A double rotor vertical shaft hydraulic turbine is proposed to improve the self starting performance. The theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and sea condition study of the turbine are carried out. The double rotor hydraulic turbine is equipped with two rotor coaxially, although it improves the self starting performance, but also increases the fatigue failure possibility of the spindle, so the fatigue of the spindle is exhausted. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation are carried out for safety and reliability of labor.
(1) based on the fixed vortex theory of the rotor rotor of a helicopter, the mechanism of the induced velocity of the arm of a vertical shaft turbine is analyzed and studied. The three-dimensional numerical model of a vertical shaft hydraulic turbine is set up in the case of a supporting arm and a no arm, and the change of the pressure field with the tip velocity of the arm end plate effect on the blade surface is studied and analyzed. The shear force coefficient and the energy conversion coefficient in the presence of the unsupported arm are compared. Based on the improved Realizable kappa - epsilon turbulence model, the hydrodynamic performance of a vertical shaft turbine under the support of the arm effect is numerically simulated. The analysis of three different airfoil NACA0012.NACA0015.NACA4415 and circular cross section branches is considered. In this paper, a new type of coaxial double rotor hydraulic turbine is proposed for the first time in this paper. The hydrodynamic performance of a new type of coaxial double rotor hydraulic turbine is numerically studied. The emphasis is on the hydrodynamic performance of a new type of coaxial double rotor hydraulic turbine. The self starting performance is analyzed, including the influence of different phase difference installation angles on the self starting performance, and the optimum installation angle and phase difference is given through optimization.
(2) in order to obtain the hydrodynamic performance of a vertical shaft turbine which considers the arm effect more intuitively and verify the reliability of the numerical simulation method, a vertical shaft turbine with different types of arm is made according to the numerical model. The model experiment is carried out in the wave flow tank, and the starting performance and the energy of the different types of arm are carried out by the physical model experiment. The experimental research on the efficiency of the quantity conversion is carried out. The starting performance and the steady state speed of the different type branch arm water turbine are summarized and given. According to the results of the physical model experiment and the numerical simulation, the experiment and research of the 15kW vertical shaft dual rotor power flow turbine and the actual sea condition are designed and manufactured. The first based on the actual sea condition test, the improvement meter is based on the actual sea condition test. The numerical model of the Tidal Flow Development (TFD) flow field with precision is used to simulate the tidal current field in the sea area of Changshan island in Dalian. The tidal current distribution along the water depth is obtained. The tidal current is evaluated and calculated with the effective factor SIF evaluation method, and the tidal current is a reciprocating flow in the experimental sea area. This paper proposes an energy conversion efficiency evaluation method based on average energy efficiency.
(3) the shaft of a vertical shaft hydraulic turbine is one of the important components of a power flow power generation device. This paper is first proposed to modify the SN curve of the material by the method of stress correction coefficient, so that the corrected SN curve is more consistent with the stress life time of the actual component. The cycle of the spindle is calculated by the rain flow method. According to the fatigue load and the Miner linear cumulative fatigue damage theory, the fatigue characteristics of the spindle are analyzed under the rated working condition. In view of the periodic force generated by the reciprocating motion of the main shaft and the interaction between the support frame and the spindle, the load is complex and the failure mode can not be expressed explicitly. The author will be the base The reliability theory of support vector machine (SVM) is applied to the reliability calculation of the spindle structure, and the failure probability of the reliability of the spindle structure system is simulated and analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TK730
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