四湖流域LUCC对生态水文过程的影响

发布时间：2018-08-05 15:55

【摘要】：随着社会经济条件的迅速发展、人口的增加以及人类活动的复杂影响,城市化过程、不同的耕作方式等对水文过程的影响越来越明显。LUCC对区域水文过程的影响逐渐成为目前水文学最具活力的热点领域。本文以湖北省境内的四湖流域为研究范围,在RS/GIS技术支持下,分析四湖流域的气候变化特征、降雨径流过程、土地利用/覆被变化特征,研究LUCC对流域产水量的影响。四湖流域产汇流过程最显著地特点,是受到人工修筑的水利工程设施的强烈调控和限制。流域内的降雨径流过程是自然和人为因素共同作用的产物,呈现一种非自然的状态。因此,本文从不同地表土地利用类型组合状况对降雨引起的产流过程的差异角度,来探讨地区小流域尺度的水文循环过程,以便为调节四湖流域水管理提供一定的理论指导。对20年来四湖流域气候变化的特征进行分析后,本文认为,四湖地区年降雨量季节分配很不均匀,极易造成暴雨洪涝灾害。同时流域内不同地区受暴雨影响的频度也不相同。通过对1990年,2000年,2010年三期遥感影像的解译分析,发现四湖流域不同地类呈现不同的变动趋势。其中旱地和水田面积二十年间有升有降,但总体变动幅度不大。水域面积不断扩大,建设用地面积显著增加,而未利用地等其他用地类型面积大幅下降。为了分析四湖流域不同时期土地利用变化对流域产水量的影响,本文对1998年5-9月的强降雨进行计算,得出相同雨型在不同年份土地利用方式下的产水量。2000年的流域产水总量比1990年少0.68×108m3；2010年的流域总产水量比2000年多2.64×108m3,总体上流域的产水量是呈增加的趋势。结果同时显示,流域水域和建设用地的产水量在增加,而耕地的产水量下降。这主要是由于建设用地面积的增加和四湖流域养殖业的发展扩大了坑塘面积所致。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of social and economic conditions, the increase of population and the complex influence of human activities, the process of urbanization, The influence of different farming methods on hydrological process is becoming more and more obvious. Lucc has gradually become the most active hot field in hydrology. In this paper, with the support of RS/GIS technology, the characteristics of climate change, rainfall runoff and land use / cover change in four lake basins in Hubei Province were analyzed, and the effects of LUCC on water production were studied. The most obvious characteristics of the process of runoff production and confluence in the four lakes basin are strongly regulated and restricted by the constructed water conservancy facilities. The rainfall-runoff process in the basin is the result of the interaction of natural and human factors, which presents an unnatural state. Therefore, from the point of view of the difference between different land use types and the runoff production process caused by rainfall, this paper discusses the hydrological cycle process on the scale of small watershed in order to provide some theoretical guidance for regulating the water management of the four lakes watershed. After analyzing the characteristics of climate change in the four lakes basin in the past 20 years, it is concluded that the seasonal distribution of annual rainfall in the four lakes area is very uneven and it is easy to cause torrential rain and waterlogging disasters. At the same time, the frequency of rainstorm in different areas of the basin is also different. Based on the interpretation and analysis of three remote sensing images in 1990, 2000 and 2010, it is found that different land types in the four lakes basin show different changing trends. Among them, dry land and paddy field area have increased and decreased in 20 years, but the overall change range is not big. The area of water area is expanding, the area of construction land is increasing significantly, while the area of other land types such as unused land has decreased significantly. In order to analyze the effect of land use change on water production in the four lakes watershed in different periods, the heavy rainfall in May-September 1998 was calculated in this paper. The total water production in 2000 was 0.68 脳 10 ~ 8m ~ 3 less than that in 1990, and 2.64 脳 10 ~ 8m ~ 3 more in 2010 than in 2000. The results also show that the water production of watershed and construction land is increasing, while that of cultivated land is decreasing. This is mainly due to the increase of construction land area and the expansion of pit area by the development of aquaculture in the four lakes basin.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P343.9

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