基于流域水文管理的济南泉水遗产保护规划研究

发布时间：2018-08-13 08:21

【摘要】：济南是因泉而生的千年古城,一座闻名世界的“泉城”。快速的城市化,使这座山地与平原复合型的城市也面临着下垫面硬化严重、流域水文生态恶化等问题,导致市区岩溶地下水位大幅度降低、岩溶泉水断流、泉眼停涌。泉水的停喷致使以泉闻名天下的城市特色正逐渐失去,如何积极有效地开展流域水文生态治理,促使泉水自然喷涌已成为保护济南古泉遗产的当务之急。本文通过对比分析济南市多年平均降雨量与泉水流量的变化趋势,纵向比较济南市城市用地多年的改变情况,探寻济南城市化对其区域水文造成的影响,试从流域的角度提出改善其水文条件的方法。同时扩展历史遗产保护的范围,结合济南泉水的成因机制及其流量衰减原因,提出了历史遗产的“源头保护”概念。从城市宏观、中观、微观层面,通过引入海绵城市理念,合理安排低影响开发设施,恢复雨水径流的下渗通道和下渗量,通过流域水文生态治理,实现泉水的自然常态性喷涌。同时,为检验济南泉水遗产源头保护规划的可行性和可实施性,本文最后选取济南市南部山区内的某一新建片区作为流域水文生态治理的案例,该片区基于海绵城市理念进行开发建设,利用雨水管理模型SWMM对建设前后雨水径流量进行了模拟分析,以验证研究内容的科学合理性。本研究的结论主要有以下几个方面:(1)论证了历史遗产源头保护的可行性。根据济南泉水的成因机制,提出泉水遗产源头保护的思路。分别从宏观、中观、微观层面制定了泉域生态修复与雨水径流控制目标和规划方案。通过规划的实施,实现泉域年雨水调蓄促渗量602.9万m3,从源头补充地下水,恢复泉水的常年自然喷涌,从而达到济南古泉遗产保护的目的。(2)将现代生态技术理念引入历史遗产保护体系。由于济南泉水停喷的原因是维持其喷涌的自然力遭受到了破坏,因此与传统历史遗产保护方法不同,其采用的遗产修复方法是通过生态治理修复维持泉水喷涌的自然力。本文根据济南泉水的实际情况,针对源头区域雨水入渗补给量减少的问题,利用海绵城市现代生态技术理念对泉水源头地下水补给区域进行生态修复,通过对雨水的调蓄控制,促进雨水下渗,进而提升下游市区地下水位,促进泉水自然喷涌。(3)流域尺度层面的海绵城市建设有利于区域自然水文生态的修复和改善。本研究根据泉域水量平衡计算,得出流域水文生态修复目标,采用海绵城市理念,合理布局低影响开发设施,在泉水源头补给区域拦蓄、促渗雨水径流。使泉域年雨水径流总量控制率达到73%以上,提高下游城区地下水位,减弱局部区域的土地开发建设对整个泉域水文的影响。
[Abstract]:Jinan is a thousand-year-old city born of spring, a famous world-famous "spring city." With the rapid urbanization, the complex city of mountain and plain is also faced with the problems of serious hardening of the underlying surface and deterioration of hydrology and ecology in the watershed, which leads to a large reduction of the karst groundwater level in the urban area, a cut off of the karst spring water and a stoppage of the spring water. The stoppage of spring water causes the characteristic of the city which is famous all over the world to be gradually lost. How to carry out the watershed hydrological ecological treatment actively and effectively, and to promote the spring natural spewing has become the urgent matter of protecting the ancient spring heritage of Jinan. By comparing and analyzing the variation trend of annual average rainfall and spring water flow in Jinan City, this paper compares the change of urban land use in Jinan City for many years, and explores the influence of Jinan urbanization on regional hydrology. From the point of view of river basin, the paper puts forward a method to improve its hydrological condition. At the same time, the concept of "source protection" of historical heritage is put forward by extending the scope of historical heritage protection, combining with the formation mechanism of Jinan spring water and the reason of flow attenuation. From the macro, meso and micro levels of the city, the concept of sponge city is introduced, the low influence development facilities are arranged reasonably, the seepage channel and quantity of Rain Water runoff are restored, and the natural normal spouting of spring water is realized through the hydroecological treatment of the watershed. At the same time, in order to test the feasibility and practicability of Jinan spring water heritage protection planning, this paper selects a newly built area in the southern mountainous area of Jinan as a case of watershed hydro-ecological management. The area is developed and constructed based on the concept of sponge city, and the Rain Water management model SWMM is used to simulate and analyze the runoff of Rain Water before and after construction, in order to verify the scientific rationality of the research content. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) the feasibility of historical heritage protection is demonstrated. According to the origin mechanism of Jinan spring water, the idea of spring water heritage protection is put forward. The ecological restoration of spring region and the Rain Water runoff control goal and planning plan were established from the macro, meso and micro levels respectively. Through the implementation of the plan, the annual Rain Water storage and seepage promotion amount of 6.029 million m3 is realized in the spring region. The groundwater is replenished from the source, and the natural spring water is restored all year round. In order to achieve the purpose of Jinan ancient spring heritage protection. (2) the concept of modern ecological technology into the historical heritage protection system. The reason why Jinan spring water stops spraying is that the natural force that maintains its spewing is destroyed. Therefore, different from the traditional methods of historical heritage protection, the method of heritage restoration is to maintain the natural force of spring water through ecological restoration. According to the actual situation of spring water in Jinan, aiming at the problem of reducing the amount of Rain Water infiltration in source area, this paper uses the modern ecological technology concept of sponge city to carry on ecological restoration to groundwater recharge area of spring water source, and through regulating and storing control of Rain Water, Promote the infiltration of Rain Water, and then raise the underground water level in the lower urban areas, promote natural spring spout. (3) Sponge city construction on the scale of river basin is conducive to the restoration and improvement of regional natural hydrology and ecology. According to the calculation of water balance in spring region, the aim of hydro-ecological restoration in the basin was obtained. The concept of sponge city was adopted, and the low influence development facilities were rationally distributed, and the Rain Water runoff was blocked and seeped in the supply area of spring water source. The annual control rate of Rain Water runoff in spring region is more than 73%, which increases the groundwater level in the downstream area and weakens the influence of land development and construction in local area on the hydrology of the whole spring region.
【学位授予单位】：北京建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K878;TV213.4

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