黄土荒溪风化层雨洪调蓄生态机理研究

发布时间：2018-08-23 10:37

【摘要】：黄土荒溪生态系统是流域管理和研究的重要对象,维持荒溪生态系统的水供应是黄土高原水管理的重要内容。近年来,随着地球关键带科学的兴起,国内外学者开始认识到地球表面的风化层是地球关键带雨洪调蓄的重要场所,荒溪中大部分水都是储存在风化层中。风化层是从地表到基岩的一切物质,具有重要的雨洪调蓄功能。研究荒溪风化层雨洪调蓄的生态机理对维持健康的荒溪生态系统具有重要意义。本文从复杂开放系统论的观点出发,以黄土高原的一个典型荒溪——山西省寿阳县三眼井小流域为例,采用风化层制图方法和地理空间分析方法,分析并识别风化层雨洪调蓄的生态结构特征,最终基于风化层雨洪调蓄生态机理,提出黄土侵蚀沟治理模式。本研究表明:(1)荒溪风化层具有重要的雨洪调蓄特征,是由其特有的物质组成与时空结构特征决定的,不同流域风化层的物质组成和结构的时空变化极大,其雨洪调蓄功能的发挥机制也极其复杂;采用常规定量研究方法几乎不可能掌握其机理,应采用复杂开放系统理论和地理空间方法开展研究;风化层有集水、蓄水、净水、养水、供水等生态功能,正常发挥风化层的雨洪调蓄功能,流域中的水才能为健康的“活水”;风化层是流域系统的一个子系统,与地形地貌、生境、地质、土壤、大气以及人类活动等其它流域环境要素之间是相互联系和相互作用的;今后的研究应将流域视为一个复杂开放系统,将土壤-植被-大气连续体(SVA)研究扩展到风化层-生境-大气连续体(RHA)的生态耦合研究。(2)由于黄土荒溪风化层是复杂开放系统,以往常规定量研究方法已无法揭示流域的本质,应采用定性和定量相结合的综合集成方法。因此,运用风化层制图方法和地理空间分析方法是准确识别风化层雨洪调蓄生态结构特征的重要途径。运用地理空间分析方法,可以分析并识别地形,通过风化层制图方法,能够进行野外核验并把地形分析结果表达出来,从而识别出风化层由蓄水盆地-岬序列组成的最小生态单元。(3)黄土侵蚀沟的蓄水场所主要是在风化层,治理黄土侵蚀沟的核心是将地表的生境层和地下的风化层有机结合起来综合分析;运用本研究提出的风化层制图方法和地理空间分析方法可以准确识别由黄土侵蚀沟不同尺度的蓄水盆地-岬组成的最小生态单元;依据风化层雨洪调蓄的生态结构特征,可以合理配置植物材料,有效发挥流域风化层雨洪调蓄功能;基于风化层雨洪调蓄生态机理的黄土侵蚀沟治理模式,遵循了黄土侵蚀沟的自然生态规律,达到了对黄土侵蚀沟综合而全面的治理,从而实现荒溪近自然的生态目标。
[Abstract]:Loess wasteland ecosystem is an important object of watershed management and research, and maintaining the water supply of wasteland ecosystem is an important content of water management in Loess Plateau. In recent years, with the rise of the Earth's critical zone science, scholars at home and abroad have begun to realize that the weathering layer on the earth's surface is an important place for the earth's key rain and flood regulation, and most of the water in the barren stream is stored in the weathering layer. Weathering layer is all material from surface to bedrock and has important function of rain flood regulation and storage. It is of great significance to study the ecological mechanism of rain-flood regulation and storage in weathered beds for maintaining a healthy barren stream ecosystem. In this paper, from the viewpoint of complex open system theory, taking a typical barren river basin in Shouyang County, Shanxi Province, as an example, weathering layer mapping method and geo-spatial analysis method are used. Based on the analysis and identification of ecological structure characteristics of stormflood regulation and storage in weathered beds, a control model of loess erosion gullies is put forward based on the ecological mechanism of storm-flood regulation and storage in weathered beds. The results are as follows: (1) the weathering layer of the barren river has the important characteristics of stormwater regulation and storage, which is determined by its unique material composition and space-time structure. The material composition and structure of the weathered layer in different basins vary greatly in time and space. The mechanism of its rain flood regulation and storage function is also extremely complex; it is almost impossible to master its mechanism by using conventional quantitative research methods, and the complex open system theory and geospatial method should be used to carry out the research; the weathering layer has water catchment, water storage, water purification, Water conservation, water supply, and other ecological functions, normally exerting the rain flood regulation and storage function of weathered layer, the water in the basin can be a healthy "living water"; the weathered layer is a subsystem of the watershed system, and it is associated with topography, landform, habitat, geology and soil, The atmosphere and other watershed environmental elements, such as human activities, are interlinked and interacted; future research should consider the basin as a complex open system, This paper extends the study of soil-vegetation-atmosphere continuum (SVA) to the ecological coupling study of weathering layer, habitat and atmosphere continuum (RHA). (2) because the weathering layer of loess barren stream is a complex open system, the nature of river basin can not be revealed by conventional quantitative research methods in the past. A comprehensive integration method combining qualitative and quantitative methods should be adopted. Therefore, the application of weathering layer mapping method and geospatial analysis method is an important way to accurately identify the ecological structure characteristics of rain flood regulation and storage in weathered beds. By using the method of geospatial analysis, the terrain can be analyzed and identified. Through the method of weathering layer mapping, the field verification can be carried out and the results of terrain analysis can be expressed. Thus, the minimum ecological unit of weathering layer composed of water-storage basin and headland sequence is identified. (3) the water storage site of loess erosion trench is mainly in weathering layer. The core of controlling loess erosion gullies is to combine the habitat layer of the surface with the weathering layer of the ground. By using the weathering layer mapping method and the geospatial analysis method proposed in this study, the minimum ecological unit composed of water storage basin and headland on different scales of loess erosion ditch can be accurately identified, and according to the ecological structure characteristics of rain flood regulation and storage in weathered beds, Plant materials can be allocated reasonably and the function of rain-flood regulation and storage in weathered beds can be effectively brought into play, and the control mode of loess erosion ditch based on the ecological mechanism of weathering layer storm-flood regulation and storage follows the natural ecological law of loess erosion ditch. The comprehensive and comprehensive management of loess erosion gullies has been achieved, thus realizing the ecological goal of the barren stream near nature.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X171;TV213.9

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