历史时期抚河中下游河道变迁研究
发布时间：2018-10-19 18:07
【摘要】：本文通过对抚河中下游地区文献资料进行搜集与整理,除了参考历代地理总志外,还重点参考了《万历南昌府志》、《正德建昌府志》等明代孤本方志资料。在研究过程中,进行了两次实地考察,证实了河道沿岸阶地发育与河道摆动之间的联系。在河道变迁的规律、范围、原因的分析上,较多运用了自然地理学的理论和研究方法。卫星照片与古地图在本文中也有所应用,部分河段如金溪县石门乡河段发生的行汊与主泓变迁,便需要借助卫星照片得以分析判断,而唐以来临川城段的溃堤改道及南昌地区部分河道复原则利用了古地图。结合历史文献的相关记载,根据历史时期抚河中下游河道的变迁特征,可从南城-临川段、临川-南昌段两部分分析。1、南城-临川段:河道主要流经洪积冲击河谷平原,河道沿岸依次分布三级阶地,且河道侧蚀与摆动明显受一二级阶地的限制,在历史时期该段河道较为稳定,河流流向与今天大体一致。2、临川-南昌段:该段河道主要流经冲积低平原,即江西最大的赣抚冲击平原,其河口地区位于赣抚冲击平原北部,即鄱阳湖盆地。受第三纪以来,鄱阳湖盆地新构造运动不等量升降运动的影响,地势西部隆升,东部沉降,造成南昌地区一二级阶地分布不平衡,三级阶地不发育,主泓或许多支流河道沿岸二级阶地缺失,河谷地带河漫滩发育较多,河道缺乏阶地的束缚,这种地质构造和地貌环境决定了该段河道容易发生溃堤改道或形成分(汊)流河道。从历史时期来看,抚河下游南昌段的主泓道变迁频繁,注(赣)江与注(鄱阳)湖摆动不定,明清以来南昌地区已有多条分流河道并存,水情复杂,水流紊乱。从河道变迁的影响来看,唐至清代抚河临川城段东岸一直存在严重侧蚀,故而自唐至清初该段河道沿岸一直有防洪堤,另又延续近千年不断修缮千金陂,此为历代文献记载可证。明清时期的侧蚀有所加强,如明清时期南城段西岸频繁修堤,以及南昌地区大量修堤建圩,以致民国时期出现“全境四达,殆无无圩之田”的局面。究其原由,与明清时期人口迅速增长、生态环境破坏、区域气候转冷等因素不无关系。此外,河道变迁对水运交通的影响也是不容忽视。历史上,抚河沿岸的抚州地区的孔家渡(驿)、南昌地区的武阳渡(驿)等渡(驿)的兴衰,与该段河道的变迁、摆动有密切联系。
[Abstract]:Based on the collection and arrangement of literature in the middle and lower reaches of Fuhe River, in addition to referring to the general records of the past dynasties, this paper also focuses on referring to the "Nanchang Prefecture Records of Wanli", "Zhengde Jianchang Prefecture Records" and other isolated local chronicles of the Ming Dynasty. In the course of the study, two field visits were carried out to confirm the relationship between the terrace development and the river channel swing. The theory and research methods of natural geography are used in the analysis of the law, scope and cause of river course change. Satellite photos and ancient maps are also used in this paper. Some of the river segments, such as the branch and the main branch of Shimen River in Jinxi County, need to be analyzed and judged with the help of satellite photos. Since the Tang Dynasty, the embankment break in Linchuan City and the restoration of some rivers in Nanchang area have been made use of ancient map. According to the historical records, according to the vicissitude characteristics of the middle and lower reaches of the Fuhe River during the historical period, it can be analyzed from the Nancheng to Linchuan section and the Linchuan to Nanchang section. 1. Nancheng-Linchuan section: the main river course flows through the alluvial alluvium to the valley plain. Three terraces were distributed along the river coast in turn, and the lateral erosion and swinging of the channel were obviously restricted by the first and second terraces, which was relatively stable in the historical period. The flow direction of the river is roughly the same as today. 2. Linchuan-Nanchang section: this section of the river mainly flows through the alluvial low plain, that is, Jiangxi's largest Ganfu impact plain, and its estuarine area is located in the northern part of the Ganfu impact Plain, that is, the Poyang Lake Basin. Under the influence of the Neotectonic movement in Poyang Lake Basin since the Tertiary, the elevation and subsidence in the western part of the terrain caused the distribution of the first and second terraces to be unbalanced and the terraces of the third order undeveloped in Nanchang area. The secondary terraces along the main tributaries may be absent, the floodplain in the river valley area is more developed, and the river channel lacks the constraints of terraces. This geological structure and geomorphologic environment determine that the channel is prone to break the embankment or form a branched channel. From the historical point of view, the main channel of Nanchang section of the lower reaches of Fuhe River has changed frequently, the swinging of the note (Gan) River and the note (Poyang) lake is uncertain. Since the Ming and Qing dynasties, there have been many distributary channels coexisting in Nanchang region, the water situation is complex and the water flow is disordered. Judging from the influence of river channel changes, the east bank of the Linchuan section of the Fuhe River from the Tang to the Qing dynasties has been seriously eroded. Therefore, from the Tang to the early Qing Dynasty, there has been a flood prevention embankment along this section of the river, and it has continued to renovate Qianjin Pei for nearly a thousand years. This is documented in all dynasties. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the side erosion was strengthened, such as the frequent construction of embankments in the west bank of the Nancheng section in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and the construction of a large number of dikes in Nanchang area. The reasons are related to the rapid growth of population, the destruction of ecological environment and the regional climate cooling during the Ming and Qing dynasties. In addition, the influence of river channel changes on waterway transportation can not be ignored. In history, the rise and fall of Kongjiadu (post) in Fuzhou area along Fuhe River and Wuyang du (post) in Nanchang area are closely related to the vicissitude and wobble of this section of river channel.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K29;TV147
本文编号：2281931
[Abstract]:Based on the collection and arrangement of literature in the middle and lower reaches of Fuhe River, in addition to referring to the general records of the past dynasties, this paper also focuses on referring to the "Nanchang Prefecture Records of Wanli", "Zhengde Jianchang Prefecture Records" and other isolated local chronicles of the Ming Dynasty. In the course of the study, two field visits were carried out to confirm the relationship between the terrace development and the river channel swing. The theory and research methods of natural geography are used in the analysis of the law, scope and cause of river course change. Satellite photos and ancient maps are also used in this paper. Some of the river segments, such as the branch and the main branch of Shimen River in Jinxi County, need to be analyzed and judged with the help of satellite photos. Since the Tang Dynasty, the embankment break in Linchuan City and the restoration of some rivers in Nanchang area have been made use of ancient map. According to the historical records, according to the vicissitude characteristics of the middle and lower reaches of the Fuhe River during the historical period, it can be analyzed from the Nancheng to Linchuan section and the Linchuan to Nanchang section. 1. Nancheng-Linchuan section: the main river course flows through the alluvial alluvium to the valley plain. Three terraces were distributed along the river coast in turn, and the lateral erosion and swinging of the channel were obviously restricted by the first and second terraces, which was relatively stable in the historical period. The flow direction of the river is roughly the same as today. 2. Linchuan-Nanchang section: this section of the river mainly flows through the alluvial low plain, that is, Jiangxi's largest Ganfu impact plain, and its estuarine area is located in the northern part of the Ganfu impact Plain, that is, the Poyang Lake Basin. Under the influence of the Neotectonic movement in Poyang Lake Basin since the Tertiary, the elevation and subsidence in the western part of the terrain caused the distribution of the first and second terraces to be unbalanced and the terraces of the third order undeveloped in Nanchang area. The secondary terraces along the main tributaries may be absent, the floodplain in the river valley area is more developed, and the river channel lacks the constraints of terraces. This geological structure and geomorphologic environment determine that the channel is prone to break the embankment or form a branched channel. From the historical point of view, the main channel of Nanchang section of the lower reaches of Fuhe River has changed frequently, the swinging of the note (Gan) River and the note (Poyang) lake is uncertain. Since the Ming and Qing dynasties, there have been many distributary channels coexisting in Nanchang region, the water situation is complex and the water flow is disordered. Judging from the influence of river channel changes, the east bank of the Linchuan section of the Fuhe River from the Tang to the Qing dynasties has been seriously eroded. Therefore, from the Tang to the early Qing Dynasty, there has been a flood prevention embankment along this section of the river, and it has continued to renovate Qianjin Pei for nearly a thousand years. This is documented in all dynasties. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the side erosion was strengthened, such as the frequent construction of embankments in the west bank of the Nancheng section in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and the construction of a large number of dikes in Nanchang area. The reasons are related to the rapid growth of population, the destruction of ecological environment and the regional climate cooling during the Ming and Qing dynasties. In addition, the influence of river channel changes on waterway transportation can not be ignored. In history, the rise and fall of Kongjiadu (post) in Fuzhou area along Fuhe River and Wuyang du (post) in Nanchang area are closely related to the vicissitude and wobble of this section of river channel.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K29;TV147
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