大渡河下游电站枢纽布置及其水力学问题研究

发布时间：2018-10-24 13:57

【摘要】：大渡河干流下游位于大渡河从山区转入平原的冲积扇上，区域地貌形态主要表现为侵蚀堆积地貌，工程所在河段内水网密布，分濠汊道众多，心滩、漫滩极为发育，水流散乱，是典型的多汊滩险河道，沿河两岸工厂、居民点较为密集。大渡河下游电站三级低水头梯级电站需要考虑到下游河段自然条件、防洪要求和河流开发利用条件等因素的影响，同时电站枢纽布置涉及到发电、防洪、枢纽运行及生态保护等课题。其中安谷水电站采取长防洪堤并结合河道疏浚方法，将复杂的分汊型河道合并为单一河道，彻底改变了原河道的地形地貌与行洪滞洪和生态环境条件，同时电站采取建闸挡水并结合长达10km以上的尾水渠的电站开发方式，在国内外均属于罕见的，具有重要的研究意义。本文以安谷电站枢纽为工程依托，采取理论计算，结合物理模型试验以及局部河段数学模型计算的方法，对河床式加长尾水渠开发方式电站的枢纽布置及相关水力学问题进行研究。本文主要对以下内容进行了研究：（1）研究电站枢纽总体布置特点，分析采用长副坝+长尾水渠+枢纽区等的开发方式的合理性，提出合理的改进措施。（2）研究枢纽的消能问题，采取物理模型与水力学计算相结合的方法进行研究，从而提出合理的消能措施方案，以达到理想的消能效果。（3）进行长尾水渠通航问题研究，主要包括口门区通航水流条件研究、尾水渠内通航水流条件研究、非恒定流对通航条件的影响和船舶停泊段对通航水流条件的影响。研究认为，安谷这种特殊而复杂的开发方式是适应大渡河干流下游河道的，，通过对长副坝、长尾水渠以及长泄洪渠等线型的优化，有效解决了建坝引起的库区淹没，河道行洪等问题，使工程区原本不足两年一遇的防洪标准提高至库区2000年一遇，坝下游50年一遇，同时也有效解决了工程区的船舶通航问题，其有效通航尺度达到了内河通航标准的V级标准；同时采用单级消力池结合辅助消力墩等设施，有效解决了坝下消能的问题，避免坝下急流段与主流直接衔接。本文研究结果可为安谷水电站的建设提供技术依据和参考，同时多种方法相结合研究枢纽布置及其水力学问题的方法可为解决复杂河段建设水电站引起的一系列水力学问题提供参考。
[Abstract]:The lower reaches of the Dadu River are located on the alluvial fans of the Dadu River from the mountainous area to the plain. The regional geomorphology is mainly characterized by the erosion and accumulation of landforms, the dense water network in the river section where the project is located, the numerous river branches, the development of the heart beach and the floodplain, and the scattered flow of water. Is a typical multi-branched channel, along both sides of the river factories, residential areas are more dense. The influence of natural conditions, flood control requirements and the conditions of river exploitation and utilization should be taken into account in the third stage low head cascade power station of the downstream Dadu River power station, and the layout of the power station hub is related to power generation and flood control. Operation of the hub and ecological protection and other topics. Angu Hydropower Station adopts long flood control embankment and combined with river channel dredging method to merge the complex branched channel into a single channel, which completely changes the topographic and geomorphological features of the original channel, flood discharge, flood detention and ecological environment conditions. At the same time, it is rare at home and abroad to develop the power station with sluice and water retaining combined with tailwater canal up to 10km, which has important research significance. In this paper, based on the Angu Hydropower Station Project, the method of theoretical calculation, physical model test and mathematical model calculation of local reach is adopted. In this paper, the layout and hydraulic problems of hydropower station in river bed extended tail canal development mode are studied. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) the characteristics of the overall layout of the power station hub are studied, and the reasonableness of adopting the development method of the long tail canal hub area of the long auxiliary dam is analyzed. The reasonable improvement measures are put forward. (2) the energy dissipation problem of the hub is studied, and the method of combining the physical model with the hydraulic calculation is adopted to carry out the research, and the reasonable energy dissipation measure scheme is put forward. In order to achieve the ideal energy dissipation effect. (3) study the navigation problem of the long tail canal, including the study of the navigable flow condition in the entrance area, the navigable flow condition in the tail canal, the research on the navigable flow condition in the tail canal, The influence of unsteady flow on navigable conditions and the influence of ship berthing on navigable flow conditions. It is considered that the special and complex development method of Angu is suitable for the downstream channel of the Dadu River. By optimizing the long auxiliary dam, the long tail canal and the long flood discharge channel, the reservoir area inundation caused by the dam construction is effectively solved. Problems such as river channel flood discharge have raised the flood control standard in the project area, which was originally less than two years old, to once in 2000 in the reservoir area and once in the lower reaches of the dam in 50 years. At the same time, it has also effectively solved the navigation problem of ships in the project area. At the same time, the single stage stilling pool combined with auxiliary stilling pier is used to effectively solve the problem of energy dissipation under the dam and to avoid the direct connection between the jet section under the dam and the mainstream. The results of this paper can provide technical basis and reference for the construction of Angu Hydropower Station. At the same time, many methods can be used to solve a series of hydraulics problems caused by the construction of hydropower stations in complex river reach.
【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV73;TV135

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