西宁市湟水河“清水入城”工程设计研究

发布时间：2018-11-29 09:05

【摘要】：湟水河又名西宁河，既是流经青海省西宁市的重要河流，也是黄河上游最大一级支流。受地质条件和人为因素的影响，湟水河流域水土流失严重，水体泥沙含量高，水色浑浊，不仅没有起到对城市景观与文化的支撑作用，反而制约了城市的发展。为实现西宁城区湟水河“水清、流畅、岸绿、景美”的治理目标，建设山水西宁、打造宜居城市，促进城市旅游业发展，特开展西宁市湟水河“清水入城”工程的设计研究。针对湟水河的多泥沙特性，如何利用水沙调控技术，改善河道泥沙状况，是论文研究的出发点。论文在广泛收集整理国内外相关文献资料、系统掌握泥沙研究和水沙调控技术领域前沿的基础上，借鉴经典工程案例，结合现状湟水河治理的实际情况，提出清浑水分离的设计理念，并就“清水入城”工程的水质标准、水源、水量以及湟水河各段排沙廊道流量进行分析论证，科学确定工程规模。通过首次系统地对湟水河西宁河段床沙进行现场取样分析，填补了湟水河流域无床沙级配资料的空白。同时，结合水文站实测泥沙资料，研究湟水河西宁市河段的主要泥沙来源，计算分析河道悬移质、推移质泥沙特性和河道冲於特性，进而为“清水入城”工程设计提供翔实的泥沙技术支撑。其中，湟水河清、浑水的临界含沙量的定量分析，也为确定“清水入城”的水质标准奠定了基础。工程设计以“切合规划、因地制宜、科学计算、合理布局”为原则，通过主河槽推移质泥沙沉积利用工程、沉沙池悬移质泥沙调控工程、湿地细颗粒泥沙分离工程的组合形式实现小流量清水入河，保障河道生态和景观用水。再经由渠首分离工程将常流量高含沙水分离进入排沙廊道，结合北川河、南川河清浑水分离控制工程，实现湟水河清浑水分离、清水穿城的目标。而汛期来水时河道主槽、排沙廊道合二为一，共同行洪，确保西宁城区防洪安全。河流水沙过程具有永续流动性，其水沙过程调控需要充分利用自然规律。“清水入城”工程的水沙调节本质上是通过建立一定的泥沙调节库容，实现对河道输沙过程的调节与控制，和谐水沙关系，提升河道水质，发挥项目的生态、工程和社会效益。清水水源工程中的推移质泥沙调控构筑物主要实现对河道泥沙中较粗部分的水文年周期调控，悬移质泥沙调控构筑物则是针对河道泥沙中较细部分的水文年周期调控，而沉沙湿地利用湿地的水动力学、生物化学等手段对河流的细泥沙进行进一步处理，，且兼顾河道生态功能恢复，三者功能独立明确，又相辅相成、互为一体，为多泥沙河流水质还清提供了一个综合的解决方案。
[Abstract]:Huangshui River, also known as Xining River, is not only an important river flowing through Xining City, Qinghai Province, but also the largest tributary in the upper reaches of the Yellow River. Influenced by geological conditions and human factors, the Huangshui River basin has serious soil erosion, high sediment content and muddy water color, which not only does not play a supporting role to the urban landscape and culture, but also restricts the development of the city. In order to realize the target of "clear water, smooth water, green shore, beautiful scenery" in Huangshui River of Xining City, to build Xining, build a livable city and promote the development of urban tourism, the design research of "clear water entering city" project of Huangshui River in Xining City is carried out. According to the characteristics of sediment accumulation in Huangshui River, how to use the technology of water and sediment regulation and control to improve the sediment condition of the river is the starting point of this paper. On the basis of extensive collection and collation of relevant documents at home and abroad, systematic understanding of the frontier in the field of sediment research and regulation of water and sediment, and drawing lessons from classical engineering cases, the paper combines with the actual situation of the current situation of the Huangshui River control. This paper puts forward the design concept of separation of clear and muddy water, and analyses and proves the water quality standard, water source, water quantity and discharge of each section of Huangshui River in the project of "clear water entering the city", and scientifically determines the scale of the project. By systematically sampling and analyzing bed sediment in Xining reach of Huangshui River for the first time, the blank of no bed sediment gradation data in Huangshui River Basin is filled. At the same time, based on the measured sediment data of hydrologic station, the main sediment sources in Xining reach of Huangshui River are studied, and the characteristics of suspended sediment, bed load sediment and channel scouring are calculated and analyzed. And then for the "clear water into the city" project design to provide full and solid sediment technical support. Among them, the quantitative analysis of the critical sediment content of the Huangshui River and the muddy water also lays a foundation for determining the water quality standard of "clear water entering the city". Based on the principle of "fit for planning, suit measures to local conditions, scientific calculation and reasonable layout", the project is designed to control suspended sediment in sediment sink through the project of sediment deposit and utilization of bed load in main channel. The combination form of the wetland fine grain sediment separation project realizes the small flow of clear water into the river to ensure the river ecological and landscape water use. Then the constant discharge high sediment water is separated into the sediment discharge corridor through the canal head separation project, and combined with the separation control project of the Beichuan River and the Nanchuan River, the goal of separating the muddy water from the Huangshui River and passing through the city with clear water is realized. When the flood season comes in, the main channel and the silt discharge corridor are combined together to ensure the flood control safety of Xining urban area. The fluidity of river water and sediment process is permanent, and the regulation of water and sediment process needs to make full use of natural laws. In essence, the regulation of water and sediment in the project of "clear water into the city" is to regulate and control the sediment transport process of the river course by establishing a certain sediment regulation capacity, to harmonize the relationship between water and sediment, to improve the water quality of the river, and to bring into play the ecological, engineering and social benefits of the project. The bedload and sediment control structures in clean water source project mainly control the hydrological cycle of the coarse part of the river sediment, while the suspended sediment control structure is aimed at the hydrological annual cycle control of the smaller part of the river sediment. However, the sediment subsidence wetland uses hydrodynamics and biochemistry of the wetland to further treat the fine sediment of the river, and takes into account the restoration of the ecological function of the river. The three functions are independent and clear, and complement each other as a whole. It provides a comprehensive solution for the water quality reduction of sediment-laden rivers.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV85

【参考文献】