基于嵌入式技术的河流水位流量远程监测系统研究与应用

发布时间：2018-12-07 13:53

【摘要】：随着人口的逐年增长与工业的不断发展,我国对水资源的需求与日俱增。由于过度开发,大部分地区出现了水资源匮乏,河流萎缩甚至出现了沙漠化的现象。为了深入了解我国水资源的现状以及实现高效管理与利用,各地纷纷对辖区内水资源进行详细评估,河流作为地表水形态之一,其流量是水资源评估的一个基础数据。通过对比分析国内外的河流流量测量技术及其发展趋势,准确、快捷、自动化的河流流量测量技术与方法是发展的必然趋势。通过详细调研国内外的最新技术方法与设备,发现基于流速面积法的非接触自动测量方法满足该需求。首先,研究了河流流量流速面积法的各种计算算法。通过分析各算法的代数精度与截断误差,提出了一种精度较高、实测方便的改进算法,并利用实测数据对比验证本算法的精度,为河流流量计算提供了一定的理论参考。然后,结合该算法提出了一种在我国现有缆道测量设施上改进的施测方案。最后,设计了能够自动测量与远程通信的河流流量监测系统。本系统由基站单元、传输单元、监测中心单元三个单元组成。主要设计了基站单元终端。终端总体结构为主从式双CPU架构,ARM为主,DSP为从。在硬件方面,以ARM为核心的主控电路主要包括触摸屏电路、SD卡存储电路、Ethernet通信电路以及GPRS通信电路；以DSP为核心的从控电路主要包括传感器控制电路、数据采集电路,以及运载行车运动控制电路。在软件方面,基于uC/OS-II设计了系统程序,并实现了流速面积算法的程序设计。通过系统测试,本文研究的河流流量监测系统具有很高的工程应用价值。
[Abstract]:With the increase of population and the development of industry, the demand for water resources in China is increasing day by day. Due to overdevelopment, water resources are scarce, rivers shrink and even desertification occurs in most areas. In order to understand the current situation of water resources in China and to realize efficient management and utilization, water resources are evaluated in detail. As one of the surface water forms, the discharge of rivers is one of the basic data for water resources assessment. Through comparative analysis of river flow measurement technology and its development trend at home and abroad, accurate, fast and automatic river flow measurement technology and method is the inevitable trend of development. By investigating the latest technical methods and equipments at home and abroad, it is found that the non-contact automatic measurement method based on the velocity area method can meet this demand. Firstly, various calculation algorithms of river flow velocity area method are studied. By analyzing the algebraic accuracy and truncation error of each algorithm, an improved algorithm with high precision and convenient measurement is proposed, and the accuracy of the algorithm is verified by comparing the measured data, which provides a theoretical reference for the calculation of river flow. Then, an improved test scheme based on the proposed algorithm is proposed for the existing cableway measurement facilities in China. Finally, a river flow monitoring system is designed, which can automatically measure and communicate with remote communication. The system consists of three units: base station unit, transmission unit and monitoring center unit. The base station unit terminal is designed. The overall structure of the terminal is master-slave dual CPU architecture, ARM is the main, DSP is the slave. In the aspect of hardware, the main control circuit based on ARM includes touch screen circuit, SD card storage circuit, Ethernet communication circuit and GPRS communication circuit. The slave control circuit based on DSP mainly includes sensor control circuit, data acquisition circuit, and the control circuit of vehicle movement. In the aspect of software, the system program is designed based on uC/OS-II, and the algorithm of velocity area is designed. Through the system test, the river flow monitoring system studied in this paper has high engineering application value.
【学位授予单位】：北方工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TP274;P332.4

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