考虑生态需水量约束的汾河水库生态调度研究

发布时间：2018-12-13 11:32

【摘要】：水库生态调度就是在传统水库调度的基础上,同时将生态目标纳入到调度过程当中,实现水库社会效益、经济效益、生态效益有机统一,寻求最佳结合点,通过改变水库调度方式,最大限度地满足河流生态系统的需水要求,维护河流生态健康。本论文从汾河干流主要生态问题入手,识别汾河水库生态调度目标,确定合理的汾河干流生态需水量,建立水库生态优化调度模型并求解,并对调度结果进行分析评价。主要研究内容及结论如下:(1)利用逐月最小生态径流计算法和逐月频率年内展布计算法,计算汾河干流4个典型水文断面(汾河水库、兰村、二坝、柴庄)的生态径流量。计算结果表明:逐月最小生态径流计算法和逐月频率年内展布计算法计算得到的生态径流量,均符合Tennant法评价标准中生态功能目标的要求。逐月频率年内展布法是在逐月频率法和年内展布法的基础上提出的一种新的河道内生态径流计算方法。该方法考虑了河流总体过程及其变化特征,尤其是季节性丰枯变化。因此,在反映河流天然径流的丰枯变化特征上具有一定优势。同逐月最小生态径流计算法相比,该方法计算确定的生态径流量更有利于河流生态健康,更加贴近天然河流年内丰枯变化状况。(2)根据河流生态需水的概念与组成,选取不同计算方法,计算出了汾河干流不同水文断面的自净需水量、输沙需水量、入海需水量,考虑各生态需水量的特点,得到了汾河干流不同水文断面的综合生态需水过程。(3)以满足汾河水库经济效益最大为目标,水库下游河道生态需水为约束条件,建立了基于FS-DDDP算法求解的水库生态调度模型。以汾河水库为例,设置了不同的供水方案,得到了不同水平年汾河水库生态调度方案,并对各方案计算结果进行对比分析。结果表明,丰水年水库生态调度在保证生态需水的前提下,水库经济效益最大,方案1和方案3优于其他方案,城市供水和灌溉用水可以得到充分满足,城市供水和灌溉用水分别为18250万m3、8449万m3;平水年水库生态调度在保证生态需水的前提下,水库经济效益最大,方案5优于其他方案,城市供水可以得到充分满足,灌溉用水只能得到部分满足,城市供水和灌溉用水分别为18250万m3、13753万m3;枯水年水库生态调度在保证生态需水的前提下,水库经济效益最大,方案9优于其他方案,城市供水可以得到充分满足,灌溉用水只能得到部分满足,城市供水和灌溉用水分别为18250万m3、9582万m3。
[Abstract]:Reservoir ecological operation is based on the traditional reservoir operation, and at the same time, the ecological objectives are brought into the operation process to achieve the reservoir social, economic and ecological benefits organic unity, to seek the best combination point. By changing the reservoir dispatching mode, the water requirement of the river ecosystem can be met to the greatest extent, and the river ecological health can be maintained. This paper starts with the main ecological problems of Fenhe main stream, identifies the ecological dispatching target of Fenhe reservoir, determines the reasonable ecological water demand of Fenhe main stream, establishes and solves the model of reservoir ecological optimal dispatching, and analyzes and evaluates the dispatching result. The main contents and conclusions are as follows: (1) the ecological runoff of four typical hydrological sections (Fenhe Reservoir, Lancun, Erba, Chaizhuang) is calculated by using monthly minimum ecological runoff calculation method and monthly frequency distribution calculation method. The results show that the ecological runoff calculated by the monthly minimum ecological runoff calculation method and the monthly frequency distribution calculation method meet the requirements of the ecological function objectives of the Tennant evaluation standard. The monthly frequency distribution method is a new method for calculating the ecological runoff in river based on the monthly frequency method and the annual distribution method. The method takes into account the overall process of the river and its variation characteristics, especially the seasonal variation. Therefore, it has some advantages in reflecting the characteristics of fluvial natural runoff. Compared with the monthly minimum ecological runoff calculation method, the ecological runoff determined by this method is more favorable to the ecological health of rivers and closer to the annual variation of natural rivers. (2) according to the concept and composition of river ecological water demand, Different calculation methods are selected to calculate the self-purification water demand, sediment transport water demand and sea water demand of different hydrological sections of the main stream of Fenhe River, taking into account the characteristics of each ecological water demand. The comprehensive ecological water demand process of different hydrological sections in the main stream of Fenhe River is obtained. (3) to meet the maximum economic benefit of Fenhe Reservoir and to restrict the ecological water demand of the lower reaches of the reservoir, the comprehensive ecological water demand process of different hydrological sections of Fenhe River is obtained. A reservoir ecological operation model based on FS-DDDP algorithm is established. Taking Fenhe Reservoir as an example, different water supply schemes are set up, and the ecological dispatching schemes of Fenhe Reservoir at different levels are obtained, and the calculation results of each scheme are compared and analyzed. The results show that under the premise of ensuring the ecological water demand, the reservoir has the greatest economic benefit, the first and third schemes are superior to other schemes, and the urban water supply and irrigation water can be fully satisfied. Urban water supply and irrigation water were 182.5 million m3 and 84.49 million m3, respectively. Under the premise of ensuring ecological water demand, the reservoir has the greatest economic benefit. Scheme 5 is superior to other schemes. The urban water supply can be fully satisfied, and the irrigation water can only be partially satisfied. Urban water supply and irrigation water were 182.5 million m3 and 137.53 million m3, respectively. Under the premise of ensuring the ecological water demand, the reservoir has the greatest economic benefit. Scheme 9 is superior to other schemes. The urban water supply can be fully satisfied, and the irrigation water can only be partially satisfied. Urban water supply and irrigation water were 182.5 million m3 and 95.82 million m3 respectively.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TV213.4

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