用水定额管理提升企业用水效率的机制及案例研究

发布时间：2018-12-23 20:30

【摘要】：水是生命之源,是经济发展、社会进步、生态安全的基础。然而水资源短缺是我国目前面临的首要问题,随着人口增加、经济社会发展和自然环境巨变,人水矛盾日益突出。工业企业是水资源利用的主要部门,科学、合理地提高工业企业水资源利用率,对于节约水资源及防治水环境污染具有重要意义。论文分析了用水定额在提升企业用水效率中的作用,指出用水定额的制定和实施不仅可以为合理用水、节约用水和计划用水管理提供重要的科学依据,而且具有强制性、推动性、目标性和综合性的特点。本论文通过用水定额管理与其他提升用水效率的方法的对比,以及上海市用水定额管理对企业提升用水效率的成效的分析,提出用水定额管理是提升企业用水效率最有效的方法。根据用水定额管理对用水效率提升的作用,对“效率抵消总量”假说进行了补充,提出用水定额限制了效率的最低标准,限定了用水效率的波动范围,并推动用水效率不断提升,为假说提供了预测未来水资源量与经济发展趋势的科学依据。论文在对我国用水定额管理的研究及国外用水节水管理相关的工作进行了梳理和研究的基础上,对上海市塑料制品行业和污水处理行业的用水定额进行了修编。通过分析上海市塑料制品行业的用水现状,发放调查问卷,进行数据分析并结合对企业的实地调研及企业专家的咨询意见制定,提出3.45m3/t作为上海市塑料粒子的用水定额值。对于污水处理行业制定了近期和远期两类用水定额标准,以10.48×10-4m3/m3和17.01×10-4m3/m3作为有无投入使用中水回用系统的两类污水处理厂的用水定额标准。论文运用“效率抵消总量”假说对塑料制品行业中节水管理工作好、用水效率高的典型企业沙伯基础创新塑料(上海)有限公司近10年间的用水量、产品总量和单位产品耗水量数据进行验证。结果说明,该企业的用水定额管理能够有效提升用水效率,为企业带来经济效益、社会效益和环境效益。论文得到教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“节水型社会建设研究”的资助,部分研究成果已由上海市质量技术监督局发布成为上海市地方标准《主要工业产品用水定额及其计算方法第19部分：塑料制品(塑料粒子、塑料制品)》(DB31/T478.19-2014)、《主要工业产品用水定额及其计算方法第21部分：污水处理业》(DB31/T478.21-2014)。
[Abstract]:Water is the source of life, the foundation of economic development, social progress and ecological security. However, the shortage of water resources is the most important problem in our country at present. With the increase of population, the development of economy and society and the great change of natural environment, the contradiction between man and water is becoming more and more prominent. Industrial enterprises are the main departments of water resources utilization. It is of great significance to improve the utilization ratio of water resources scientifically and reasonably for saving water resources and preventing water environment pollution. This paper analyzes the role of water quota in improving the efficiency of water use in enterprises, and points out that the formulation and implementation of water quota can not only provide an important scientific basis for rational water use, water conservation and water management, but also be mandatory. The characteristics of drive, goal, and comprehensiveness. This paper compares the water quota management with other methods to improve the efficiency of water use, and analyzes the effectiveness of Shanghai water quota management in promoting the efficiency of water use. It is put forward that water quota management is the most effective method to improve the efficiency of water use in enterprises. According to the effect of water quota management on water use efficiency, this paper supplements the hypothesis of "efficiency offset total quantity", and puts forward that water use quota limits the minimum standard of efficiency and limits the fluctuation range of water use efficiency. It also provides the scientific basis for the hypothesis to predict the future water resources quantity and the trend of economic development. Based on the research of water quota management in China and the related work of water saving management in foreign countries, the water quota of plastic products industry and sewage treatment industry in Shanghai has been revised and compiled in this paper. Through the analysis of the current situation of water use in the plastic products industry in Shanghai, the distribution of questionnaires, the analysis of the data, and the establishment of the field investigation and consultation opinions of the enterprise experts, 3.45m3/t is used as the water quota value of plastic particles in Shanghai. For the wastewater treatment industry, two kinds of water use quota standards are established, which are 10.48 脳 10-4m3/m3 and 17.01 脳 10-4m3/m3, which are used in wastewater treatment plants with or without reclaimed water reuse system. The paper applies the hypothesis of "efficiency offset Total" to the water consumption of Shaber Foundation Innovation Plastics (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., which is a typical enterprise with high water use efficiency and good water saving management in plastic products industry. Product total and unit product water consumption data are verified. The results show that the water quota management of the enterprise can effectively improve the efficiency of water use and bring economic, social and environmental benefits to the enterprise. The paper is funded by the key research project of philosophy and social sciences of the Ministry of Education, "the study of water-saving society". Some of the research results have been issued by the Shanghai Municipal Bureau of quality and Technology Supervision to become the Shanghai Local Standard "Water quota for Major Industrial products and its calculation methods" part 19: plastic products (plastic particles, Plastics) > (DB31/T478.19-2014), Water use quotas for major industrial products and their calculation methods part 21: sewage treatment industry (DB31/T478.21-2014).
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TV213.4

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