绿色建筑小区不透水面径流控制技术研究

发布时间：2018-12-26 14:04

【摘要】：随着人为活动的影响和城市化的快速发展，水资源的供需矛盾日益突出，水环境压力也逐渐增大。近年来，大量城市绿地被不透水面所取代，导致洪峰流量增大，既对排水系统造成了巨大的压力，又引起了生态环境恶化、洪涝灾害、地下水位下降等问题。低影响开发是一种源头控制管理措施，通过入渗、过滤、蒸发等方式来模拟自然水文条件，使区域开发后的水文特性和开发前一致，从而实现径流量减少、径流污染负荷降低和保护受纳水体的目标。基于低影响开发理念，论文利用不透水面雨水试验装置，以深圳市绿色建筑小区为研究区域，以路面雨水、广场雨水和屋面雨水为研究对象，分析了装置在路面-屋面组合、广场-屋面组合下对雨水的净化规律，主要结论如下所示： ①路面-屋面组合能延缓径流产生时间18-34分钟，延缓径流峰值出现时间11-32分钟，径流削减率达60.18%~65.07%，径流峰值为路面进水的0.61-0.99倍、屋面进水的0.60-0.67倍；路面进水和屋面进水径流中的污染物浓度随降雨历时逐渐衰减，路面溢流和组合溢流中污染物浓度随降雨历时呈现锯齿状波动。 ②广场-屋面组合能延缓径流产生时间33-43分钟，延缓径流峰值出现时间12-45分钟，径流削减率达40.31%~87.92%，径流峰值为广场进水的0.44-1.09倍、屋面进水的0.33-1.05倍；广场进水和屋面进水径流中的污染物浓度随降雨历时逐渐衰减，广场溢流和组合溢流中污染物浓度随降雨历时呈现锯齿状波动。 ③由溢流出水和渗透出水的水质分析可知，，不透水面雨水试验装置在两种工况下，对各种污染物均有一定的去除效果，但去除率波动较大；在不考虑渗透出水的前提下，此装置能较好的削减降雨径流中各种污染物的含量。论文还对不透水面雨水试验装置的调蓄效应和净化效应进行了研究，结果表明：在重现期0.25年时，试验装置能接纳相当于自身面积0.80-1.02倍的不透水面所产生的径流量，随着蓄水高度或渗透系数的增加，装置能服务的不透水面面积有显著的增加；在不同重现期下，试验装置对径流污染物均有一定的削减，但随着重现期的增大，装置能完全消纳的污染物含量降低。上述研究结果可以丰富低影响开发技术的基础资料，为低影响开发技术的推广提供技术支撑，为城市建筑小区雨水利用工程的设计提供理论依据，具有重要的指导意义。
[Abstract]:With the influence of human activities and the rapid development of urbanization, the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources is becoming more and more serious, and the pressure of water environment is gradually increasing. In recent years, a large number of urban green space has been replaced by impermeable surface, which leads to the increase of Hong Feng discharge, which not only causes great pressure on the drainage system, but also causes the deterioration of ecological environment, the flood disaster and the decrease of groundwater level. Low-impact development is a source control management measure, which simulates the natural hydrological conditions by infiltration, filtration, evaporation and so on, so that the hydrological characteristics of the region after development are consistent with those before development, so as to realize the reduction of runoff. The goal of reducing runoff pollution load and protecting receiving water. Based on the concept of low-impact development, the paper uses the impervious surface Rain Water test device, taking Shenzhen green building district as the research area, taking the pavement Rain Water, the square Rain Water and the roofing Rain Water as the research objects, analyzes the combination of the installation on the pavement and the roof. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) pavement roof combination can delay runoff generation time 18-34 minutes, and delay runoff peak time 11-32 minutes. The runoff reduction rate is 60.18% and 65.07%, the peak runoff value is 0.61-0.99 times of the road water and 0.60-0.67 times of the roof water. The concentration of pollutants in the influent of pavement and roof gradually attenuates with the duration of rainfall, and the concentration of pollutants in pavement overflow and combined overflow fluctuates with the duration of rainfall. (2) the combination of square and roof can delay the runoff generation time for 33-43 minutes, delay the peak runoff time for 12-45 minutes, reduce runoff rate to 40.31% and 87.92%, and the peak runoff value is 0.44-1.09 times as much as that of the square inlet water. 0.33-1.05 times that of roof water; The pollutant concentration in the influent and roof runoff of the square and roof gradually attenuates with the rainfall duration, and the pollutant concentration in the plaza overflow and the combined overflow shows a jagged fluctuation with the rainfall duration. 3 according to the water quality analysis of overflow effluent and permeable effluent, Rain Water test device of impermeable surface has certain removal effect on all kinds of pollutants under two working conditions, but the removal rate fluctuates greatly; Without considering the permeable effluent, the device can reduce the amount of various pollutants in rainfall runoff. In this paper, the regulating and purifying effects of an impermeable water surface Rain Water experimental device are also studied. The results show that during the period of 0.25 years, The test equipment can accept the runoff produced by the impervious surface equal to 0.80-1.02 times of its own area. With the increase of water storage height or permeability coefficient, the area of impermeable surface served by the device increases significantly. Under different recurrence periods, the runoff pollutants were reduced to a certain extent, but with the increase of the recurrence period, the content of pollutants that could be completely absorbed by the device decreased. The above research results can enrich the basic data of low impact development technology, provide technical support for the popularization of low impact development technology, and provide theoretical basis for Rain Water's use of engineering design in urban building district, which has important guiding significance.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X52;TV213.9

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