1974-2016年青海湖水面面积变化遥感监测

发布时间：2019-02-18 15:07

【摘要】：位于青藏高原东北部的青海湖是我国最大的咸水湖和内陆湖,也是青藏高原东北部的重要水汽源,青海湖面积的动态变化是气候和周围生态环境状况的重要体现.本研究利用长时间序列中分辨率遥感影像数据,通过人工提取湖岸水涯线信息对青海湖水面面积进行监测.结果显示:1974-2016年期间,青海湖面积总体上呈先减后增的变化趋势.2004年水面积最小,为4223.73 km~2,比1974年减少253.80 km~2.其中1974-1987年期间面积骤减;2000-2009年期间青海湖水面面积变化幅度相对较小,平均变化幅度为6.85 km~2.2009-2016年7 a间,水面面积增加了128.27 km~2.2012年青海湖面积骤增,比2011年8月同期增加65.12 km~2;同年6月和9月的面积变化为2002-2016年最大,达到59.18 km~2.湖东岸沙岛的湖岸线变化最为显著,1974-2004年岸线后退最大距离达4.59 km,2012年的年内最大变化距离为0.39 km.青海湖流域内降水补给增加,生态环境治理措施促使入湖河流径流量增大,是近年来湖水面积增加的主要原因.
[Abstract]:The Qinghai Lake, located in the northeast of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is the largest salt water lake and inland lake in our country. It is also an important water vapor source in the northeast of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The dynamic change of the area of the Qinghai Lake is an important reflection of the climate and the surrounding ecological environment. In this study, the water surface area of Qinghai Lake was monitored by using the remote sensing image data of the long-time series. The results show that the area of Qinghai Lake in the period of 1974 to 2016 is the change trend of the first decrease. The water area in 2004 is the smallest, which is 4223.73km ~ 2, which is 253.80km ~ 2 in 1974. During the period from 1974 to 1987, the area of the water surface of the Qinghai Lake was relatively small during the period from 1974 to 1987. The change of the surface area of the Qinghai Lake during the period 2000-2009 was relatively small, with an average change of 6.85 km ~ 2. The area of the water surface increased by 128. 27 km ~ 2. In 2012, the area of the Qinghai Lake increased by 65. 12km ~ 2 over the same period in August 2011. The area of June and September of the same year was the largest in 2002-2016, reaching 598.18km ~ 2. The change of the shore line of the sand island in the east of the lake is the most significant. The maximum distance from 1974 to 2004 is 4.59 km, and the maximum variation distance in the year of 2012 is 0.39 km. The increase of the rainfall in the Qinghai Lake watershed, and the increase of the ecological environmental control measures to the runoff of the lake, is the main cause of the increase in the area of the lake in recent years.
【作者单位】：中国测绘科学研究院;青海省地理空间信息技术与应用重点实验室;
【基金】：中国测绘科学研究院基本科研业务项目(7771512)资助
【分类号】：P332;P343.3

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