流域下垫面变化影响下设计洪水修订问题的研究

发布时间：2019-03-31 12:25

【摘要】：由于基础设施建设、工农业生产、生态环境建设等人类活动等影响，海河流域下垫面发生了一些变化，，导致设计洪水也随之发生相应的变化，因此需对下垫面条件变化后入库设计洪水的修订问题进行探讨，以便对防洪对策和防洪工程的布局做出相应调整。本文以海河流域为研究对象，开展海河流域下垫面变化对产汇流机理的影响和设计洪水下垫面影响修订方法的研究，提出设计洪水下垫面一致性修定技术和方法，对大清河流域典型区域设计洪水成果进行修订。主要研究内容及成果如下：（1）统计了流域内的暴雨洪水资料。选取有代表性的场次洪水，分别统计了每场典型洪水的次降雨量、洪峰流量、次洪量、次径流深、地面径流深、前期影响雨量等水文要素。（2）基于长期的水文观测资料，研究了大清河流域典型区域水循环要素的时空演变规律。对降水序列和流量序列，采用Spearman秩次相关检验法、Mann-Kendall秩次相关检验法和滑动平均法进行了趋势分析，采用有序聚类法、滑动F检验法和双累积曲线法进行了变异分析。检验结果表明，两个水库的降雨量和洪峰流量均呈下降趋势，变异点均确定为1979年。（3）降雨径流相关分析和洪水序列的还现计算。分析了流域最大蓄水容量、水面蒸发量、消退系数等产流参数，以洪水序列突变点为界，进行了代表区域的降雨径流相关分析，用1980年后的降雨径流关系修正了1980年前的降雨径流关系，由此得到流域下垫面变化对次洪量的影响并实现对洪量序列的还现。建立了不同时段洪量与洪峰的相关图，根据不同时段洪量的变化幅度，估算确定洪峰的变化量，实现了对洪峰流量序列的还现。 (4)设计洪水过程的推求。分别对修订后与修订前的洪水序列进行了频率分析，推求设计洪水。结果表明，由于下垫面变化的影响，特别是水保工程、退耕还林等形式的下垫面的变化，使典型流域的洪峰流量和洪量均有有减小的趋势，并且小洪水的洪峰和洪量比对大洪水减少的更多，这种结果符合流域对洪水的调蓄作用，下垫面的变化对小洪水比对大洪水的调蓄作用更加明显。
[Abstract]:Due to the influence of human activities such as infrastructure construction, industrial and agricultural production, eco-environmental construction and other human activities, some changes have taken place on the underlying surface of the Haihe River basin, resulting in corresponding changes in the design flood. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss the revision of the design flood after the change of the underlying surface condition in order to adjust the flood control countermeasure and the layout of the flood control project accordingly. Taking the Haihe River basin as the research object, this paper studies the influence of the change of the underlying surface of the Haihe River basin on the mechanism of runoff yield and confluence and the revision method of the influence of the underlying surface of the design flood, and puts forward the technique and method of the uniform correction of the underlying surface of the design flood. The results of design flood in typical area of Daqing River Basin were revised. The main research contents and achievements are as follows: (1) the rainstorm and flood data in the basin are calculated. The hydrological factors, such as the secondary rainfall, Hong Feng discharge, secondary flood volume, secondary radial flow depth, surface runoff depth, pre-rainfall, and so on, are calculated for each typical flood. (2) based on the long-term hydrologic observation data, the spatial-temporal evolution of water cycle elements in the typical region of Daqing River Basin is studied. Spearman rank correlation test, Mann-Kendall rank correlation test and moving average method are used to analyze the trend of precipitation series and flow series. The variation analysis is carried out by sequential clustering method, sliding F test and double cumulative curve method. The test results show that the rainfall and Hong Feng discharge of the two reservoirs both show a downward trend, and the variation point is determined to be 1979. (3) rainfall-runoff correlation analysis and flood series calculation. The runoff production parameters such as maximum water storage capacity, water surface evaporation, regression coefficient and so on are analyzed. The rainfall-runoff correlation analysis of representative region is carried out based on the sudden change point of flood series, and the relationship between rainfall and runoff is analyzed in this paper. The rainfall-runoff relationship before 1980 was modified by using the rainfall-runoff relationship after 1980. The influence of the underlying surface change on the secondary flood volume was obtained and the flood sequence was realized. The correlation maps of flood volume and Hong Feng in different periods are established. According to the variation amplitude of flood volume in different periods, the change of Hong Feng is estimated and determined, and the Hong Feng flow series is realized. (4) the calculation of design flood process. The frequency analysis of the revised and pre-revised flood series is carried out to calculate the design flood. The results show that due to the influence of the change of the underlying surface, especially the change of the soil and water conservation project and the conversion of farmland to forest, the Hong Feng discharge and flood amount in the typical watershed tend to decrease. Moreover, Hong Feng and flood volume of small flood decreased more than that of large flood. This result is consistent with the regulation and storage of flood in watershed, and the change of underlying surface has more obvious effect on small flood than on large flood.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV122.3

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