量子力学诠释问题
发布时间：2018-08-06 10:55
【摘要】：量子力学的建立不仅奠定了当代科学的基础,而且在推动当代技术革命方面取得了惊人的成功。然而,对于量子力学诠释(interpretation of quantum mechanics)——理解波函数如何刻画微观世界,人们迄今为止并未形成共识。量子力学发展的这种二元状态不仅带来了认识论方面的误导,而且依据备受争议的哥本哈根诠释建立起来的量子技术会有许多根本性问题。量子力学的哥本哈根诠释存在二元结构的问题:微观世界的运动用量子力学描述,是一个幺正演化,而观察或测量却依赖于量子系统外部的经典世界(仪器、观察者、环境),表现出来的波包塌缩是非幺正的。为此,包括爱因斯坦、薛定谔、温伯格等在内的一些著名学者对哥本哈根诠释提出了尖锐的批评。80年过去了,为克服量子力学的哥本哈根诠释二元论困境,人们提出各种各样的量子力学诠释,包括多世界诠释、量子退相干诠释、自洽历史诠释以及量子达尔文主义等。文章将简要介绍和评述这些量子力学诠释的基本思想、它们之间的逻辑关系及其实验检验的可能性。进一步澄清量子力学诠释中的基本概念,可以避免量子观念滥用导致的意识论上的问题和量子技术发展误入歧途。
[Abstract]:The establishment of quantum mechanics not only laid the foundation of contemporary science, but also achieved remarkable success in promoting the contemporary technological revolution. However, there is no consensus on how quantum mechanics interprets (interpretation of quantum mechanics)-how wave functions depict the microcosm. This dual state of quantum mechanics not only leads to the misdirection of epistemology, but also has many fundamental problems in the quantum technology based on the controversial interpretation of Copenhagen. The Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics has the problem of dualistic structure: the movement of the micro-world is described by quantum mechanics and is a unitary evolution, while observation or measurement depends on the classical world (instrumentation, observer) outside the quantum system. Environment), showing that the wave packet collapse is not unitary. For this reason, some famous scholars, including Einstein, Schrodinger, Weinberg, and so on, have made sharp criticisms of the Copenhagen interpretation. 80 years later, in order to overcome the dualism dilemma of Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics, Various interpretations of quantum mechanics have been proposed, including multi-world interpretation, quantum decoherence interpretation, self-consistent historical interpretation and quantum Darwinism. This paper will briefly introduce and comment on the basic ideas of these interpretations of quantum mechanics, the logical relations between them and the possibility of experimental examination. Further clarification of the basic concepts in the interpretation of quantum mechanics can avoid the problem of consciousness caused by the abuse of quantum concepts and the misguided development of quantum technology.
【作者单位】： 中国工程物理研究院研究生院;北京计算科学研究中心;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金创新研究群体(批准号:11421063)资助项目 NSAF基金-科学研究中心项目(面向重大需求的理论物理研究)
【分类号】：O413.1
本文编号：2167512
[Abstract]:The establishment of quantum mechanics not only laid the foundation of contemporary science, but also achieved remarkable success in promoting the contemporary technological revolution. However, there is no consensus on how quantum mechanics interprets (interpretation of quantum mechanics)-how wave functions depict the microcosm. This dual state of quantum mechanics not only leads to the misdirection of epistemology, but also has many fundamental problems in the quantum technology based on the controversial interpretation of Copenhagen. The Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics has the problem of dualistic structure: the movement of the micro-world is described by quantum mechanics and is a unitary evolution, while observation or measurement depends on the classical world (instrumentation, observer) outside the quantum system. Environment), showing that the wave packet collapse is not unitary. For this reason, some famous scholars, including Einstein, Schrodinger, Weinberg, and so on, have made sharp criticisms of the Copenhagen interpretation. 80 years later, in order to overcome the dualism dilemma of Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics, Various interpretations of quantum mechanics have been proposed, including multi-world interpretation, quantum decoherence interpretation, self-consistent historical interpretation and quantum Darwinism. This paper will briefly introduce and comment on the basic ideas of these interpretations of quantum mechanics, the logical relations between them and the possibility of experimental examination. Further clarification of the basic concepts in the interpretation of quantum mechanics can avoid the problem of consciousness caused by the abuse of quantum concepts and the misguided development of quantum technology.
【作者单位】： 中国工程物理研究院研究生院;北京计算科学研究中心;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金创新研究群体(批准号:11421063)资助项目 NSAF基金-科学研究中心项目(面向重大需求的理论物理研究)
【分类号】：O413.1
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