武威市农业产业化发展现状及水资源利用研究

发布时间：2018-01-08 02:12

本文关键词：武威市农业产业化发展现状及水资源利用研究　出处：《兰州大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中国是世界上最大的发展中国家,近几十年来中国社会经济的快速稳定发展离不开农业发展的丰硕成果,农业是中国社会经济发展的重要推动力之一。从这个角度来看,可持续农业的发展必然成为我国社会经济可持续发展的有力保障。然而在近几十年的农业发展过程中,农业相关的土地资源、水资源、天然草地资源等遭到严重的过度开发利用和人为污染破坏,尽管在中央与各级政府以及社会各界力量的高度关注下开始控制,各类生态系统不同程度好转,但依然没有从根源上得到治理。水资源短缺是目前制约我国现代农业发展最重要的因素之一,总量和人均占有量均远低于世界平均水平。本研究针对近年来武威市社会经济快速发展和农业结构调整过程中日益凸显的水资源短缺这一课题进行深入研究。从水资源短缺这一严重制约武威市农业产业化发展重要因素的视角,探索如何在农业产业化发展的过程中优化水资源配制结构,合理开发利用现有水资源,挖掘武威市农业产业化发展过程中水资源利用存在的一系列问题与不足,进而提出了武威市农业产业化进程中水资源可持续利用的发展策略。主要结果有以下几个方面:1.2010年以来,武威市大力推进“设施农牧业+特色林果业”主体生产模式,经过几年发展取得了卓越成效。2014年武威市农业增加值94.7亿元,达到甘肃省第一位,增长幅度达6%;其中农民纯收入达7834元,增长12.5%,均列全省第6位。在灌溉区推广高效农田节水技术252.4万亩,亩均节水60立方米,节约农业用水1.5亿多立方米。2.对武威市农业用水现状评价结果显示,(1)石羊河流域水资源开发利用程度较高,而黄河流域的大通河、金强河水资源的利用程度相对较低;(2)有限的水资源绝大部分用于农业灌溉,水资源经济效益低;(3)农业用水定额偏大,灌水技术落后,作物种植比例不尽合理。3.武威市水资源利用中存在人为影响因素过重、水资源调蓄能力不足、工程设施老化失修等问题。今后应重点采取以下几个方面的措施优化水资源利用:(1)准确评价水资源的承载能力,维护生态农业的可持续发展;(2)旱作节水农业关键技术研发与推广利用。综上所述,武威市农业水资源一方面受到自然因素的影响,另一方面受到人为大连过度开采导致水资源严重缺乏。通过积极发展现代农业、设施节水农业等措施,提升水资源利用率,保护生态,缓解农业水资源供需矛盾是当前武威市农业水资源可持续发展的当务之急。
[Abstract]:China is the largest developing country in the world. In recent decades, the rapid and stable development of China's social economy can not be separated from the fruitful results of agricultural development. Agriculture is one of the important driving forces of China's social and economic development. The development of sustainable agriculture is bound to become a strong guarantee for the sustainable development of social economy in China. However, in the process of agricultural development in recent decades, agricultural related land resources, water resources. Natural grassland resources have been severely overexploited and damaged by man-made pollution. Although the central government and governments at all levels as well as social forces began to control the various ecosystems to varying degrees of improvement. Water shortage is one of the most important factors restricting the development of modern agriculture in China. Both the total amount and the per capita share are far below the world average. This study focuses on the problem of water resources shortage, which has become increasingly prominent in the process of rapid social and economic development and agricultural structural adjustment in Wuwei in recent years. Water shortage is an important factor restricting the development of Wuwei's agricultural industrialization. This paper explores how to optimize the structure of water resources in the process of agricultural industrialization development, reasonable development and utilization of existing water resources, and excavate a series of problems and shortcomings in the development of agricultural industrialization in Wuwei City. Then put forward the development strategy of sustainable utilization of water resources in the process of agricultural industrialization in Wuwei. The main results are as follows: 1. Wuwei has made great efforts to promote the main production mode of "protected agriculture and animal husbandry characteristic forestry and fruit industry", and has achieved remarkable results after several years of development. In 2014, the added value of agriculture in Wuwei City was 9.47 billion yuan, which reached the first place in Gansu Province. The growth rate is 6%; The net income of farmers reached 7,834 yuan, an increase of 12.5 percent, ranking sixth in the province. Two million five hundred and twenty-four thousand mu of efficient farmland water-saving techniques were popularized in irrigation areas, with an average of 60 cubic meters of water saved per mu. The evaluation results of the present situation of agricultural water use in Wuwei City show that the water resources in Shiyang River basin are high, while the Datong River in the Yellow River basin. The utilization degree of Jinqiang river resources is relatively low; (2) most of the limited water resources are used for agricultural irrigation, and the economic benefits of water resources are low; Agricultural water use quota is on the high side, irrigation technology is backward, crop planting ratio is not reasonable. 3. There are excessive human factors in water resources utilization in Wuwei City, and insufficient water resources regulation and storage capacity. In the future, the following measures should be taken to optimize the utilization of water resources: 1) to accurately evaluate the carrying capacity of water resources and to maintain the sustainable development of ecological agriculture; In summary, the agricultural water resources in Wuwei city are affected by natural factors on the one hand. On the other hand, excessive exploitation of artificial Dalian leads to a serious lack of water resources. Through the active development of modern agriculture, facilities water-saving agriculture and other measures to improve the utilization rate of water resources and protect the ecology. Alleviating the contradiction between supply and demand of agricultural water resources is the urgent task of sustainable development of agricultural water resources in Wuwei City.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F327;F323.213

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