基于多目标整形规划的黄土台塬区水资源空间优化配置研究

发布时间：2018-01-19 04:18

本文关键词： 水源工程灌溉空间优化帕累托寻优黄土台塬区　出处：《资源科学》2014年09期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：在耕地保护和粮食安全的国家目标背景下,以水土资源耦合和生态保育为理念,以黄土台塬区为例分析典型干旱半干旱区的水资源条件,基于遥感和GIS数据,采用帕累托(Pareto)寻优原理建立了区域水资源多目标优化配置(RWRMOA)模型,通过对水利工程改造建设和粮食作物种植组合优化等方法,进行水资源优化并进行空间差异分析,旨在提高区域粮食产量和节约水资源。研究结果表明:1黄土台塬区水资源供需分布不均,渭河、黄河两岸、渭南和豫西部分区域水资源挖潜潜力较大;2占研究区总面积63.87%的董志塬、山西峨眉塬及豫西等区域,只要适当增加灌水量便可提高产量;3占区域总面积约30%的渭南和豫西等区域,能在经济效益最优的前提下满足作物非充分灌溉水量;4关中地区井渠结合的灌溉方式效益较高,提水灌区经济效益较差;5井渠结合和引水灌区可满足非充分灌溉条件,主要分布在豫西和晋中等区域,而纯井灌区不能满足,其它可用集雨灌溉来补充,集雨工程可在作物需水期补灌两次,可通过结合集雨补灌,缓解水资源短缺问题。
[Abstract]:Under the background of the national goal of cultivated land protection and food security, taking the concept of soil and water resources coupling and ecological conservation as an example, this paper analyzes the water resources conditions of typical arid and semi-arid areas in the Loess Plateau. Based on remote sensing and GIS data, a multi-objective optimal allocation model of regional water resources is established by using Pareto (Pareto) optimization principle. Water resources optimization and spatial difference analysis were carried out by means of water conservancy project reconstruction and grain crop planting combination optimization. The results show that the distribution of water resources supply and demand is uneven in the Loess tableland, and the potential of water resources in the Weihe River, the banks of the Yellow River, Weinan and the west of Henan Province is great. (2) in Dongzhi Plateau, Emei Plateau of Shanxi Province and Western Henan Province, where the total area of the study area is 63.87%, the yield can be increased if the irrigation amount is properly increased; (3) Weinan and Western Henan, which account for about 30% of the total area, can satisfy the insufficient irrigation water of crops under the premise of optimum economic benefit; (4) the combination of well and canal in Guanzhong area has a higher benefit, and a poor economic benefit in a water-raising irrigation area; (5) the combination of well and canal and diversion irrigation area can meet the inadequate irrigation conditions, mainly distributed in the areas of western Henan and Jinzhong, but the pure well irrigation area can not be satisfied, the other can be supplemented by rainwater harvesting irrigation. The rainwater harvesting project can be used to recharge irrigation twice in the period of crop water demand, which can alleviate the shortage of water resources by combining the catchment irrigation.
【作者单位】：南京大学地理与海洋科学学院;
【基金】：国土资源部公益性行业基金项目(编号:201011016-08)
【分类号】：S274;TV213.4
【正文快照】： 1引言有重要作用。根据耕地保护和粮食安全的国家目中国是一个干旱缺水严重的国家,干旱区面积标,通过对水利工程改造建设和粮食作物种植结构占国土面积的1/3,大约4亿人口的生计紧密依赖于优化等方法,以水土资源耦合和生态保育为理念,干旱地区的资源[1]。目前农业用水约占全国

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