我国矿产资源开发生态补偿制度研究

发布时间：2018-10-15 08:07

【摘要】：随着我国工业化、城镇化快速推进,经济社会快速发展与资源环境压力加大的矛盾日益突出,一些矿产资源开发地区生态环境形势日益严峻。健全资源开发生态补偿制度,对于推进生态文明建设、促进资源开发地可持续发展意义重大。为此,在我国《宪法》、《环境保护法》、《矿产资源法》等法律法规相继对资源开发生态补偿制度进行规定的基础上,党的十八届四中全会《决定》进一步明确提出“制定完善生态补偿和土壤、水、大气污染防治及海洋生态环境保护等法律法规,促进生态文明建设”,我国各地区也结合实际开展了有针对性的矿产资源开发生态补偿工作。但通过考察目前的理论研究与实践工作,我们发现我国目前的矿产资源开发生态补偿仍存在诸如生态补偿的法律依据不充分、补偿标准不周延、管理体制机制不完善、制度执行力不足等一系列亟待解决的问题。与此同时,美国、德国、英国、巴西等国家较早就对矿产资源开发生态补偿管理体制机制、补偿主体、补偿资金来源等重点问题进行了探索,积累了有益的经验,为完善我国的相关制度设计提供了有价值的启示。在分析我国矿产资源开发生态补偿制度存在的问题,并借鉴国际经验的基础上,论文从分析生态补偿社会关系入手,提出了资源开发生态补偿两个层次的内涵,从广义的角度来讲,资源开发生态补偿,包括对资源开发过程中环境污染、破坏的补偿和对提升生态功能性价值的补偿。以新的概念体系,论文进一步提出了完善我国矿产资源开发生态补偿制度的原则和思路,建构了包括生态补偿的原则、生态补偿主体(补偿主体和受偿主体)、补偿资金来源(资源税费、保证金制度、市场化筹资渠道等)和使用、补偿标准、补偿方式、实施评价等主干内容在内的资源开发生态补偿制度。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization in China, the contradiction between the rapid development of economy and society and the increasing pressure of resources and environment is becoming increasingly prominent, and the ecological and environmental situation in some mineral resources development areas is becoming increasingly severe. It is of great significance to perfect the system of ecological compensation for resource development to promote the construction of ecological civilization and to promote the sustainable development of resource development. Therefore, on the basis of the laws and regulations such as the Constitution, the Environmental Protection Law, the Mineral Resources Law, and other laws and regulations, the ecological compensation system for the exploitation of resources has been stipulated one after another. The "decision" of the fourth Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee further specified the "formulation of laws and regulations to improve ecological compensation, soil, water, air pollution prevention and marine ecological environment protection, and to promote the construction of ecological civilization." The ecological compensation for mineral resources exploitation has also been carried out in various regions of China. However, by reviewing the current theoretical research and practical work, we find that the current ecological compensation for mineral resources development in China still exists such as inadequate legal basis for ecological compensation, inadequate standard of compensation, imperfect management system and mechanism. A series of problems need to be solved urgently, such as the lack of system execution. At the same time, the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, Brazil and other countries have earlier explored the key issues such as the management system mechanism of ecological compensation for mineral resources development, the main body of compensation, and the source of compensation funds, and have accumulated useful experience. It provides valuable inspiration for perfecting the system design of our country. On the basis of analyzing the problems existing in the ecological compensation system of mineral resources development in China and drawing lessons from the international experience, this paper begins with the analysis of ecological compensation social relations, and puts forward the connotation of the two levels of ecological compensation for the exploitation of mineral resources. In a broad sense, ecological compensation for resource development includes compensation for environmental pollution, damage and promotion of ecological functional value in the process of resource development. With the new concept system, the paper further puts forward the principles and ideas of perfecting the ecological compensation system for mineral resources development in China, and constructs the principles including ecological compensation. The main body of ecological compensation (the main body of compensation and the subject of compensation), the source of compensation funds (tax and fee of resources, deposit system, market-oriented financing channel, etc.) and its use, the standard of compensation, the way of compensation, Implement the system of ecological compensation for resource development, including the main contents of evaluation.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.6

【相似文献】