植物精油化合物对稻飞虱和黑尾叶蝉的驱避性研究

发布时间：2023-05-03 22:12

　　水稻是第三世界的基本粮食作物。亚洲人口占世界人口的一半以上,世界水稻产量的90%以上由亚洲人口消费。中国水稻产量居世界首位,预计产量为14.485万吨左右,水稻生产与国民经济发展息息相关。由于人口的增长压力,中国预计到2030年,需要将目前的水稻产量增加20%以上。对于水稻生产中要面临许多病虫害和其他非生物因素威胁的国家来说,这是一项艰巨的任务。褐飞虱(Nilaparvatalugens,BPH)、白背飞虱(Sogatella furcifera,WBPH))、灰飞虱(Laodelph striatellus,SBPH)三种飞虱类害虫和黑尾叶蝉(Nephotettix cincticeps)是水稻上重要的刺吸害虫,以其强烈的破坏性在亚洲多个地区严重发生。它们通过吸取水稻韧皮部汁液,并将水稻草状矮化病毒(RGSV)和水稻草丛矮化病毒(RRSV)在内的植物性病毒传播给水稻植株,从而导致田间火烧和其他直接对水稻的直接危害症状。中国对叶蝉和飞虱的防治一般采用包括化学农药在内的多种方法。由于农药与昆虫的长期相互作用,害虫对传统农药产生了抗药性。化学杀虫剂的非选择性及其持久性造成了对包括生态系统中...

【文章页数】：106 页

【学位级别】：硕士

【文章目录】：
摘要
Abstract
Chapter Ⅰ. Introduction
    1.1 Rice production in China
    1.2 Insects problems
    1.3 Leafhoppers and planthoppers
        1.3.1 Niphotettix cincticeps (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)
        1.3.2 Nilaparvata lugens (Stal), Sogatella furcifera (Horvath), and Laodelphax striatellus(Hemiptera: Delphacidae)
    1.4 Current status of leafhoppers and planthoppers
    1.5 Essential oils as plants regulators against insects and oils derived chemical compounds
    1.6 The growing concern using essential oils and chemical compounds
    1.7 Objective of this thesis
Chapter Ⅱ. Materials and Methods
    2.1 Experimental and feeding rice
    2.2 Insect colony
    2.3 Chemical compounds
    2.4 Screening bioassay of compounds against nymph leafhoppers and planthoppers in thelaboratory
    2.5 Repellency of compounds against adult and nymph of planthoppers in the laboratoryconditions
    2.6 Repellency of compounds against adult and nymph of planthoppers in the glasshouseconditions
    2.7 Assay of compounds on the natural enemy C. lividipennis in the laboratory conditions
    2.8 Data analysis
Chapter Ⅲ. Results
    3.1 Experiment on Brown planthoppers
        3.1.1 Laboratory bioassay
            3.1.1.1 Screening bioassay
            3.1.1.2 Repellency of xanthoxyline and (-)-caryophyllene-oxide against N. lugens underlaboratory
        3.1.2 Greenhouse bioassay
            3.1.2.1 Repellency of Xanthoxyline and (-)-Caryophyllene-oxide against N. lugens ingreenhouse
        Conclusion of Brown planthoppers bioassay
    3.2 Experiment on whiteback planthoppers
        3.2.1 Laboratory bioassay
            3.2.1.1 Repellency of Xanthoxyline and (-)-Caryophyllene-oxide against S. furcifera inlaboratory
        3.2.2 Greenhouse bioassay
            3.2.2.1 Repellency of Xanthoxyline and (-)-Caryophyllene-oxide against S. furcifera ingreenhouse
        Conclusion of Whiteback planthoppers bioassay
    3.3 Experiment on Small brown planthoppers
        3.2.1 Laboratory bioassay
            3.2.1.1 Repellency of Xanthoxyline and (-)-Caryophyllene-oxide against L. striatellus inlaboratory
        3.2.2 Greenhouse bioassay
            3.2.2.1 Repellency of Xanthoxyline and (-)-Caryophyllene-oxide against L. striatellus ingreenhouse
        Conclusion of Small brown planthoppers bioassay
    3.4 Experiment on Green rice leafhoppers
        3.4.1 Screening bioassay in laboratory
        Conclusion of green leafhoppers preliminary bioassay
    3.5 Effect of chemical compounds on C. lividipennis in the laboratory
        Conclusion of chemotaxis bioassay of mirid bugs
Chapter Ⅳ. Discussion
    4.1 Effectiveness of compounds in repelling planthoppers of N. lugens, S. furcifera, and L.striatellus
    4.2 Preliminary repulsive effect of compounds on N. cincticeps
    4.3 Effect of compounds on the orientation of mirid bugs
Chapter Ⅴ. Conclusion and perspectives
Reference cited
Acknowledge



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