番茄和茄子挥发性有机化合物和营养物质对温室白粉虱(Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood)

发布时间:2023-06-04 22:44
  温室白粉虱Trialeurodes vaporariorum(Westwood)(半翅目:粉虱科)是世界上农作物中最危害最大的害虫之一,由于其直接取食和传播植物病毒而导致作物巨大损失。温室白粉虱的寄主选择行为主要受到植物挥发性有机化合物的影响,而其生长发育主要由寄主植物的营养品质而决定。然而,植物挥发性有机化合物对其寄主选择行为的影响还没有被深入研究。此外,植物营养物质和挥发性有机化合物之间的关系以及在温室白粉虱接受及定植寄主植物中的作用仍不清楚。首先,从最常见的四个茄子栽培品种和三个番茄栽培品种中筛选对温室白粉虱最有吸引力的品种。然后,观察了粉虱在同种侵染植物上的聚集行为,并评估了植物营养和挥发性有机化合物对粉虱寄主偏好行为的关系。最后,分析了最有吸引力的未受危害和受粉虱侵染的植物中的化合物,以鉴定具有吸引力的挥发性化合物。在Y型嗅觉计,风洞,网箱和温室中进行行为测定实验。通过固相微萃取(SPME)和气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)测定植物挥发物。使用刺探电位图谱(EPG)技术来观察粉虱在不同寄主的摄食行为。此外,测定了植物的叶子主要营养物质氮,糖(果糖,葡萄糖和蔗糖)和氨基酸。最后,在...

【文章页数】:141 页

【学位级别】:博士

【文章目录】:
ABSTRACT
摘要
CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION
    1.1 Introduction
    1.2 Problems associated to current whitefly management techniques
    1.3 Potential role of semiochemicals to manage whiteflies
        1.3.1 Semiochemical-based attraction of whiteflies in intercropping systems
        1.3.2 Semiochemical traps in agricultural fields
    1.4 Herbivore induced plant volatiles (HIPVs)
    1.5 Impact of plant nutrients on volatile production to influence the herbivore host plant selection behavior
    1.6 Future perspectives to use semiochemicals to manage whiteflies
    1.7 Perspective and major viewpoints of this study
CHAPTER II VOLATILE-MEDIATED ATTRACTION OF GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY TRIALEURODES VAPORARIORUM TO TOMATO AND EGGPLANT
    2.1 INTRODUCTION
    2.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
        2.2.1 Insect rearing
        2.2.2 Plant materials
        2.2.3 Infested plants
        2.2.4 Intact plants
        2.2.5 Two-choice bioassays
            2.2.5.1 Y-tube olfactometer experiments
            2.2.5.2 Wind tunnel experiment
        2.2.6 Free-choice bioassays
        2.2.7 Multi-choice bioassays
        2.2.8 Headspace volatile collection and analysis
        2.2.9 Data analysis
    2.3 RESULTS
        2.3.1 Two-choice assay for intact tomato
        2.3.2 Two-choice assay for intact eggplant
        2.3.3 Two-choice assay between the most attractive tomato and eggplant cultivars
        2.3.4 Two-choice assay for intact versus infested plants
        2.3.5 Conspecific lure experiment in Y-tube olfactometer
        2.3.6 Free-choice Assay
        2.3.7 Multi-choice Assay
        2.3.9 Headspace volatile analysis of intact plants
        2.3.10 Volatiles of infested plants
    2.4 DISCUSSION
    2.5 CONCLUSION
CHAPTER III VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AND NUTRIENTS OF EGGPLANTS AND TOMATOES AFFECT HOST SELECTION BEHAVIOUR OF GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY TRIALEURODES VAPORARIORUM
    3.1 INTRODUCTION
    3.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
        3.2.1 Insect rearing
        3.2.2 Plant Materials
        3.2.3 Net cage experiments
        3.2.4 Greenhouse experiments
        3.2.5 Electrical penetration graph (EPG) recording
        3.2.6 Plant Nutrient Analysis
            3.2.6.1 Amino acid and sugar analysis
            3.2.6.2 Nitrogen analysis
        3.2.7 Headspace volatile analysis
        3.2.8 Data analysis
    3.3 RESULTS
        3.3.1 Net cage experiments
        3.3.2 Greenhouse experiments
        3.3.3 EPG parameters
        3.3.4 Plant Nutrients
        3.3.5 Headspace Volatile
    3.4 DISCUSSION
    3.5 CONCLUSION
CHAPTER IV WHITEFLY (TRIALEURODES VAPORARIORUM WESTWOOD)-INDUCED DE NOVO SYNTHESIZED TOMATO AND EGGPLANT VOLATILES PROVIDES RELIABLE INFORMATION FOR CONSPECIFIC HOST PLANT SELECTION
    4.1 INTRODUCTION
    4.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
        4.2.1 Plant materials
        4.2.2 Insect rearing
        4.2.3 Two-choice behavioural assay experiments for infested and intact plants
            4.2.3.1 Y-tube olfactometer
            4.2.3.2 Wind tunnel experiment
        4.2.4 Volatile collection
        4.2.5 Bioassays for synthetic chemicals
            4.2.5.1 Y-tube olfactometer bioassays
            4.2.5.2 Net cage experiments
            4.2.5.3 Wind tunnel experiments
        4.2.6 Data analysis
    4.3 RESULTS
        4.3.1 Bioassay for infested versus intact tomato plants
        4.3.2 Bioassay for infested versus intact eggplants
        4.3.3 Major volatile compounds emitted by infested tomato
        4.3.4 Major volatile compounds emitted by infested eggplant
        4.3.5 Preference behavior of T. vaporariorum to (E)-β-caryophyllene
        4.3.6 Preference behavior of T. vaporariorum to α-pinene
        4.3.7 Preference behavior of T. vaporariorum to α-humulene
        4.3.8 Preference behavior of T. vaporariorum to α-phellendrene
        4.3.9 Preference behavior of T. vaporariorum to α-farnesene
        4.3.10 Preference behavior of T. vaporariorum to (z)3hexen1ol
    4.4 DISCUSSION
    4.5 CONCLUSION
GENERAL CONCLUDING REMARKS
LITERATURES CITED
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
AUTHOR’S POFILE
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS RELATED TO THIS DEGREE
SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES



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