脱落酸影响水稻光合作用及蔗糖代谢与转运的机理研究
发布时间：2021-05-15 16:26
作为一种植物激素,脱落酸（Abscisic acid,ABA）调控植物生长发育的许多方面,如胚胎发育、种子休眠与萌发、光合作用、气孔关闭、开花时间和果实成熟等生理过程以及植物对高温等多种胁迫的适应性反应。然而,自然条件下ABA与水稻叶片光合作用过程,蔗糖代谢及转运方面的研究较少,其作用机制还有待进一步阐明。鉴此,本试验以浙辐802（Zhefu802）及其近等基因系fgl为材料,从以下3个方面进行研究:i)ABA影响水稻叶片光合作用的作用机理及调控;ii)高温下ABA影响水稻颖花蔗糖代谢及转运的作用机理;iii)ABA及蔗糖互作对水稻产量及品质的影响。研究结果如下:1.水稻营养生长阶段(秧龄45d,Zhefu802叶片叶绿素含量显著高于fgl,但后者的净光合速率显著高于前者。进一步分析表明,fgl的ABA及H2O2含量显著低于Zhefu802,推测较高的ABA含量是导致Zhefu802叶片净光合速率偏低的原因。外源喷施ABA及H2O2显著降低叶片净光合速率及气孔导度,而氟啶草酮（FLU,ABA合成抑制...
【文章来源】：中国农业科学院北京市
【文章页数】：173 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
摘要
ABSTRACT
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION
1.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
1.2.1 Effects of heat stress on some important plant physiology
1.2.2 Relation between chlorophyll contents and photosynthesis
1.2.3 Abscisic acid and fluridone
1.2.4 Effects of ABA on chlorophyll content
1.2.5 Effects of ABA on photosynthesis
1.2.6 Effects of hydrogen peroxide mediated by ABA on photosynthesis
1.2.7 Effects of ABA on chlorophyll fluorescence
1.2.8 Effects of ABA on photosynthesis in stomatal guard cell
1.2.9 ABA enhances reactive oxygen species scavenging under abiotic stresses
1.2.10 Relation between oxidative stress and enzymatic capacity onphotosynthesis
1.2.11 Role of ABA in thermal acclimation of plants
1.2.12 Strategies to improve the photosynthesis under abiotic stress conditions
CHAPTER 2 ENHANCEMENT IN ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY IMPROVES PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN RICE PLANTS (Oryza sativa L.)
2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.2.1 Plant materials and growth conditions
2.2.2 Experimental design
2.2.3 Chlorophyll measurement
2.2.4 Gas exchanges and chlorophyll fluorescence measurement
2.2.5 Antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation measurement
2.2.6 H_2O_2 measurement
2.2.7 ABA measurement
2.2.8 Stomatal aperture determination
2.2.9 Rubisco enzyme activity measurement
2.2.10 Quantitative real time PCR analysis
2.2.11 Statistical analysis
2.3 RESULTS
2.3.1 Leaf phenotype and photosynthesis as well as ABA, H_2O_2, MDA content and antioxidant enzymes activities
2.3.2 Effects of ABA, H_2O_2 and their combination on Pn and Cond
2.3.3 Changes in contents of endogenous ABA and H_2O_2 of leaf when exogenously sprayed with ABA and H_2O_2
2.3.4 Effects of CAT and ASA on Pn and Cond
2.3.5 Effects of ASA and CAT on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and stomatal aperture
2.3.6 Effects of ASA and CAT on Rubisco activity and contents of H_2O_2 and MDA
2.3.7 Effects of ASA and CAT on antioxidant enzyme activities
2.3.8 Effects of ASA and CAT on relative gene expression
2.4 DISCUSSION
2.5 CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 3 TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS ON HIGH PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY SHOWED IN THE FADED-GREEN LEAF RICE
3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.2 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES
3.2.1 Plant materials and growth conditions
3.2.2 Chlorophyll contents determination
3.2.3 Gas exchanges and chlorophyll fluorescence determination
3.2.4 RNA extraction and sequencing
3.2.5 Transcript quantification and differential gene expression analysis
3.2.6 Statistical analysis
3.3 RESULTS
3.3.1 Chlorophyll content, photosynthesis and Chl fluorescence basis of leaves
3.3.2 Quality control analysis
3.3.3 Deferentially expressed gene analysis
3.3.4 Gene ontology analysis
3.3.5 Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analysis
3.4 DISCUSSION
3.4.1 Leaf color and high photosynthetic efficiency
3.4.2 Differentially expressed genes involved in high photosynthetic efficiency
3.5 CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 4 ABSCISIC ACID PREVENTS POLLEN ABORTION UNDER HIGH TEMPERATURE STRESS BY MEDIATING SUGAR METABOLISM IN RICE SPIKELETS
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
4.2.1 Experimental set-up
4.2.2 Measurement of pollen viability
4.2.3 Spikelet fertility
4.2.4 Measurement of carbohydrates
4.2.5 Measurement of ABA
4.2.6 Measurement of adenosine triphosphate
4.2.7 Measurement of antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation
4.2.8 Measurement of hydrogen peroxide
4.2.9 Quantitative real-time PCR analysis
4.2.10 Statistical analysis
4.3 RESULTS
4.3.1 Pollen viability and spikelet fertility
4.3.2 NSC, soluble sugar and starch
4.3.3 Sucrose, glucose and fructose
4.3.4 Levels of ATP and endogenous ABA
4.3.5 H_2O_2 and MDA
4.3.6 Antioxidant enzymes activities
4.3.7 Genes expression levels
4.4 DISCUSSION
4.4.1 The relationship between pollen viability and endogenous ABA levels in rice spikelets under heat stress
4.4.2 Interaction between ABA and sugar metabolism and transport in rice spikelets under heat stress
4.4.3 Sucrose metabolism is involved in the conferral of heat tolerance by ABA in rice plants
4.4.4 The role of ABA in oxidative homeostasis in spikelets of rice under heat stress
4.5 CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 5 ABA INTERACTS WITH SUCROSE TO ENHANCE GRAIN YIELD AND QUALITY THROUGH IMPROVING TREHALOSE METABOLISM IN RICE
5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
5.2.1 Plant materials and growth conditions
5.2.2 Dry matter weight, grain yield components and rice quality
5.2.3 Observation of pollen tube elongation and grain size
5.2.4 Soluble sugar, starch and NSC contents determination
5.2.5 Sucrose, fructose, glucose and trehalose content determination
5.2.6 Endogenous phytohormone determination
5.2.7 Determination of key enzymes involved in starch synthesis
5.2.8 RNA extraction and q RT-PCR analysis
5.2.9 Statistical analysis
5.3 RESULTS
5.3.1 Effects of ABA and sucrose on the grain yield and its components
5.3.2 Pollen tube elongation, grain size and quality
5.3.3 Effects of ABA and sucrose on dry matter weight accumulation and allocation
5.3.4 Effects of ABA and sucrose on soluble sugar, starch and NSC content
5.3.5 Effects of ABA and sucrose on sucrose, fructose and glucose content
5.3.6 Effects of ABA and sucrose on phytohormones content in leaf, sheath and stem and grain
5.3.7 Effects of ABA and sucrose on the key enzyme activities involved in grain filling
5.3.8 Effects of ABA and sucrose on the sugar metabolism and transport in leaf, sheath and stem and grain
5.3.9 Effects of ABA and sucrose on the trehalose metabolism in grains
5.4 DISCUSSION
5.4.1The interaction between ABA and sucrose on grain yield and quality of rice at the grain filling stage
5.4.2 Relations between ABA and others phytohormone on grain yield of rice at the grain filling stage
5.5 CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 6 MAJOR FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
6.1 Major findings
6.2 Recommendations
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS DURING PHD STUDY
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
AUTHOR RESUME
【参考文献】：
期刊论文
[1]ABA缓解水稻孕穗期干旱胁迫生理特性的分析[J]. 郭贵华,刘海艳,李刚华,刘明,李岩,王绍华,刘正辉,唐设,丁艳锋. 中国农业科学. 2014(22)
[2]外源ABA对干旱胁迫下不同品种灌浆期小麦psbA基因表达的影响[J]. 汪月霞,索标,赵鹏飞,曲小菲,袁利刚,赵雪娟,赵会杰. 作物学报. 2011(08)
[3]离子色谱法测定抗逆转基因水稻中的海藻糖[J]. 王荔,葛良法. 化学研究. 2009(04)
[4]Correlation and Quantitative Trait Loci Analyses of Total Chlorophyll Content and Photosynthetic Rate of Rice（Oryza sativa） under Water Stress and Well-watered Conditions[J]. Song-Ping Hu1,2,Ying Zhou1,Lin Zhang1,Xiu-Dong Zhu3,Lin Li3,Li-Jun Luo2,Guo-Lan Liu2 and Qing-Ming Zhou3(1College of Resource and Environmental Science,Jishou University,Hunan 416000,China;2Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center,Shanghai 201106,China;3College of Agriculture,Agricultural University of Hunan,Changsha 410128,China). Journal of Integrative Plant Biology. 2009(09)
[5]羟丙基马铃薯淀粉合成工艺及性能研究[J]. 唐洪波,马冰洁. 食品科学. 2005(04)
[6]Effect of Low Content Chlorophyll on Distribution Properties of Absorbed Light Energy in Leaves of Mutant Rice[J]. XU Xiao-ming1, ZHANG Rong-xian1 and TANG Yun-lai21College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R.China2Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, P.R.China. Agricultural Sciences in China. 2004(01)
[7]籼稻标记性状等基因系的构建(英文)[J]. 曾大力,钱前,董国军,朱旭东,董凤高,滕胜,郭龙标,曹立勇,程式华,熊振民. Acta Botanica Sinica. 2003(09)
本文编号：3187963
【文章来源】：中国农业科学院北京市
【文章页数】：173 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
摘要
ABSTRACT
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION
1.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
1.2.1 Effects of heat stress on some important plant physiology
1.2.2 Relation between chlorophyll contents and photosynthesis
1.2.3 Abscisic acid and fluridone
1.2.4 Effects of ABA on chlorophyll content
1.2.5 Effects of ABA on photosynthesis
1.2.6 Effects of hydrogen peroxide mediated by ABA on photosynthesis
1.2.7 Effects of ABA on chlorophyll fluorescence
1.2.8 Effects of ABA on photosynthesis in stomatal guard cell
1.2.9 ABA enhances reactive oxygen species scavenging under abiotic stresses
1.2.10 Relation between oxidative stress and enzymatic capacity onphotosynthesis
1.2.11 Role of ABA in thermal acclimation of plants
1.2.12 Strategies to improve the photosynthesis under abiotic stress conditions
CHAPTER 2 ENHANCEMENT IN ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY IMPROVES PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN RICE PLANTS (Oryza sativa L.)
2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.2.1 Plant materials and growth conditions
2.2.2 Experimental design
2.2.3 Chlorophyll measurement
2.2.4 Gas exchanges and chlorophyll fluorescence measurement
2.2.5 Antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation measurement
2.2.6 H_2O_2 measurement
2.2.7 ABA measurement
2.2.8 Stomatal aperture determination
2.2.9 Rubisco enzyme activity measurement
2.2.10 Quantitative real time PCR analysis
2.2.11 Statistical analysis
2.3 RESULTS
2.3.1 Leaf phenotype and photosynthesis as well as ABA, H_2O_2, MDA content and antioxidant enzymes activities
2.3.2 Effects of ABA, H_2O_2 and their combination on Pn and Cond
2.3.3 Changes in contents of endogenous ABA and H_2O_2 of leaf when exogenously sprayed with ABA and H_2O_2
2.3.4 Effects of CAT and ASA on Pn and Cond
2.3.5 Effects of ASA and CAT on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and stomatal aperture
2.3.6 Effects of ASA and CAT on Rubisco activity and contents of H_2O_2 and MDA
2.3.7 Effects of ASA and CAT on antioxidant enzyme activities
2.3.8 Effects of ASA and CAT on relative gene expression
2.4 DISCUSSION
2.5 CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 3 TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS ON HIGH PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY SHOWED IN THE FADED-GREEN LEAF RICE
3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.2 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES
3.2.1 Plant materials and growth conditions
3.2.2 Chlorophyll contents determination
3.2.3 Gas exchanges and chlorophyll fluorescence determination
3.2.4 RNA extraction and sequencing
3.2.5 Transcript quantification and differential gene expression analysis
3.2.6 Statistical analysis
3.3 RESULTS
3.3.1 Chlorophyll content, photosynthesis and Chl fluorescence basis of leaves
3.3.2 Quality control analysis
3.3.3 Deferentially expressed gene analysis
3.3.4 Gene ontology analysis
3.3.5 Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analysis
3.4 DISCUSSION
3.4.1 Leaf color and high photosynthetic efficiency
3.4.2 Differentially expressed genes involved in high photosynthetic efficiency
3.5 CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 4 ABSCISIC ACID PREVENTS POLLEN ABORTION UNDER HIGH TEMPERATURE STRESS BY MEDIATING SUGAR METABOLISM IN RICE SPIKELETS
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
4.2.1 Experimental set-up
4.2.2 Measurement of pollen viability
4.2.3 Spikelet fertility
4.2.4 Measurement of carbohydrates
4.2.5 Measurement of ABA
4.2.6 Measurement of adenosine triphosphate
4.2.7 Measurement of antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation
4.2.8 Measurement of hydrogen peroxide
4.2.9 Quantitative real-time PCR analysis
4.2.10 Statistical analysis
4.3 RESULTS
4.3.1 Pollen viability and spikelet fertility
4.3.2 NSC, soluble sugar and starch
4.3.3 Sucrose, glucose and fructose
4.3.4 Levels of ATP and endogenous ABA
4.3.5 H_2O_2 and MDA
4.3.6 Antioxidant enzymes activities
4.3.7 Genes expression levels
4.4 DISCUSSION
4.4.1 The relationship between pollen viability and endogenous ABA levels in rice spikelets under heat stress
4.4.2 Interaction between ABA and sugar metabolism and transport in rice spikelets under heat stress
4.4.3 Sucrose metabolism is involved in the conferral of heat tolerance by ABA in rice plants
4.4.4 The role of ABA in oxidative homeostasis in spikelets of rice under heat stress
4.5 CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 5 ABA INTERACTS WITH SUCROSE TO ENHANCE GRAIN YIELD AND QUALITY THROUGH IMPROVING TREHALOSE METABOLISM IN RICE
5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
5.2.1 Plant materials and growth conditions
5.2.2 Dry matter weight, grain yield components and rice quality
5.2.3 Observation of pollen tube elongation and grain size
5.2.4 Soluble sugar, starch and NSC contents determination
5.2.5 Sucrose, fructose, glucose and trehalose content determination
5.2.6 Endogenous phytohormone determination
5.2.7 Determination of key enzymes involved in starch synthesis
5.2.8 RNA extraction and q RT-PCR analysis
5.2.9 Statistical analysis
5.3 RESULTS
5.3.1 Effects of ABA and sucrose on the grain yield and its components
5.3.2 Pollen tube elongation, grain size and quality
5.3.3 Effects of ABA and sucrose on dry matter weight accumulation and allocation
5.3.4 Effects of ABA and sucrose on soluble sugar, starch and NSC content
5.3.5 Effects of ABA and sucrose on sucrose, fructose and glucose content
5.3.6 Effects of ABA and sucrose on phytohormones content in leaf, sheath and stem and grain
5.3.7 Effects of ABA and sucrose on the key enzyme activities involved in grain filling
5.3.8 Effects of ABA and sucrose on the sugar metabolism and transport in leaf, sheath and stem and grain
5.3.9 Effects of ABA and sucrose on the trehalose metabolism in grains
5.4 DISCUSSION
5.4.1The interaction between ABA and sucrose on grain yield and quality of rice at the grain filling stage
5.4.2 Relations between ABA and others phytohormone on grain yield of rice at the grain filling stage
5.5 CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 6 MAJOR FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
6.1 Major findings
6.2 Recommendations
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS DURING PHD STUDY
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
AUTHOR RESUME
【参考文献】：
期刊论文
[1]ABA缓解水稻孕穗期干旱胁迫生理特性的分析[J]. 郭贵华,刘海艳,李刚华,刘明,李岩,王绍华,刘正辉,唐设,丁艳锋. 中国农业科学. 2014(22)
[2]外源ABA对干旱胁迫下不同品种灌浆期小麦psbA基因表达的影响[J]. 汪月霞,索标,赵鹏飞,曲小菲,袁利刚,赵雪娟,赵会杰. 作物学报. 2011(08)
[3]离子色谱法测定抗逆转基因水稻中的海藻糖[J]. 王荔,葛良法. 化学研究. 2009(04)
[4]Correlation and Quantitative Trait Loci Analyses of Total Chlorophyll Content and Photosynthetic Rate of Rice（Oryza sativa） under Water Stress and Well-watered Conditions[J]. Song-Ping Hu1,2,Ying Zhou1,Lin Zhang1,Xiu-Dong Zhu3,Lin Li3,Li-Jun Luo2,Guo-Lan Liu2 and Qing-Ming Zhou3(1College of Resource and Environmental Science,Jishou University,Hunan 416000,China;2Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center,Shanghai 201106,China;3College of Agriculture,Agricultural University of Hunan,Changsha 410128,China). Journal of Integrative Plant Biology. 2009(09)
[5]羟丙基马铃薯淀粉合成工艺及性能研究[J]. 唐洪波,马冰洁. 食品科学. 2005(04)
[6]Effect of Low Content Chlorophyll on Distribution Properties of Absorbed Light Energy in Leaves of Mutant Rice[J]. XU Xiao-ming1, ZHANG Rong-xian1 and TANG Yun-lai21College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R.China2Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, P.R.China. Agricultural Sciences in China. 2004(01)
[7]籼稻标记性状等基因系的构建(英文)[J]. 曾大力,钱前,董国军,朱旭东,董凤高,滕胜,郭龙标,曹立勇,程式华,熊振民. Acta Botanica Sinica. 2003(09)
本文编号：3187963
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