在两种生态条件下，氮肥和植物密度对棉花产量及产量行程过程的影响
发布时间：2022-01-16 13:43
棉花是种主要的全球纤维和经济作物,在温带和热带地区大约有50个国家为实现农业和工业化的目标而种植它。由于纤维品质较好,其在国民经济中起着重要作用。对于棉花的高效种植而言,了解其在不同田间管理措施下的棉花生长发育及产量变化情况十分重要。包括种植密度及氮肥在内的众多因素在棉花生产过程中有着重要作用。氮对于棉花的可持续生产十分重要,并且可以通过增加单株成铃数从而提高光合速率、扩大冠层、增加产量。而通过增加密度能够在不牺牲产量的情况下减少投入。据报道,在中国的农村劳动力从1995年的3亿5500万下降至2007年的3亿1400万,从事非农业工作的比例由1986年的33%增加到2008年的63%,从而造成农业生产劳动力成本增加。然而,在晚播基础上,适当增加种植密度,在植物最需要的时期一次施肥,可以实现不减产的目的。本研究的主要目的就是探讨这一生产模式下,N肥用量和种植密度合理的搭配组合。大田试验在两个地点（中国和巴基斯坦）和两个生长季节（2015-2016）进行,采用裂区试验,N施用量为主区,PD为副区。N施用量两个水平:低氮（LN）120 kg ha-1 高氮（HN）18...
【文章来源】：华中农业大学湖北省 211工程院校 教育部直属院校
【文章页数】：106 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
Abstract
摘要
List of Abbreviations
Chapter 1: Review
1.1 Cotton production in C hina and Pakistan
1.1.1 Cotton production in C hina
1.1.2 Cotton production in Pakistan
1.2 Cotton yield formation in relation to nitrogen and plant density
1.2.1 Cotton yield response to nitrogen
1.2.2 Cotton yield response to plant density
1.3 Cotton phenology in relation to nitrogen and plant density
1.3.1 Cotton phenology in relation to nitrogen
1.3.2 Cotton phenology in relation to plant density
1.4 Cotton nutrients assimilation in relation to nitrogen and plant density
1.4.1 Cotton nutrients assimilation in relation to nitrogen
1.4.2 Cotton nutrients assimilation in relation to plant density
1.5 Cotton photosynthesis in relation to nitrogen and plant density
1.5.1 Cotton photosynthesis in relation to nitrogen
1.5.2 Cotton photosynthesis in relation to plant density
1.6 Nitrogen and plant density interaction on cotton yield formation
1.7 Objectives
1.8 Research project grant
Chapter 2: Effect of nitrogen and plant density on cotton yield formation and nitrogen utilization in Hubei C hina
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Materials and Methods
2.2.1 Experimental site
2.2.2 Experimental design and treatments
2.2.3 Crop management
2.3 Data collection
2.3.1 Weather data
2.3.2 Cotton growth and phenology
2.3.3 Crop growth rate
2.3.4 Cotton biomass
2.3.5 Cotton lint, seed cotton yield, harvest index and ratio of seed cotton to stalk
2.3.6 Cotton yield attributes
2.3.7 Total nitrogen contents at different growth stages
2.3.8 Soil sampling and nutrients determination procedure
2.3.9 Statistical analysis
2.4 Results
2.4.1 Cotton growth and phenology
2.4.2 Cotton biomass production
2.4.3 Cotton yield, ratio of seed cotton to stalk and harvest index
2.4.4 Cotton yield attributes
2.4.5 Total nitrogen contents in cotton
2.5 Discussion
2.6 Conclusion
Chapter 3: Effect of nitrogen and planting density on cotton photosynthesis traits in Hubei China
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Materials and Methods
3.2.1 Experimental site description
3.2.2 Experimental design and treatments
3.3 Data collection
3.3.1 Leaf area
3.3.2 Leaf area index
3.3.3 Relative water contents
3.3.4 Chlorophyll contents
3.3.5 Cotton leaf gas exchange and photosynthetic rate
3.3.6 Photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO_2, and water use efficiency at different growth stages
3.3.7 Statistical analysis
3.4 Results
3.4.1 Leaf gas exchange, photosynthetic rate and leaf area of 4t h leaf
3.4.2 Leaf gas exchange, photosynthetic rate, leaf area and leaf area index at whole plant
3.4.3 Regression analysis of leaf gas exchange, photosynthetic rate and seed cotton yield
3.4.4 Relative water contents (%) and chlorophyll contents
3.4.5 Photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO_2, and water use efficiency at different growth stages
3.5 Discussion
3.6 Conclusion
Chapter 4: Effect of nitrogen rate and planting density on cotton yield performance in Punjab Pakistan
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Materials and Methods
4.2.1 Description of experimental site
4.2.2 Experimental design
4.3 Sampling and measurement
4.3.1 Cotton growth
4.3.2 Cotton biomass
4.3.3 Cotton yield and yield attribute
4.3.4 Cotton fiber quality
4.3.5 Cotton plant total nitrogen determination
4.3.6 Chlorophyll contents
4.3.7 Statistical analysis
4.4 Results
4.4.1 Cotton phenolo gy
4.4.2 Cotton growth characteristics
4.4.3 Cotton yield and related traits
4.4.4 Cotton fiber quality and related traits
4.4.5 Cotton total nitrogen contents
4.4.6 Cotton chlorophyll contents
4.5 Discussion
4.6 Conclusion
Chapter 5: Discussion and conclusion
5.1 Discussion
5.1.1 Cotton yield and its formation
5.1.2 Cotton yield and its phenology
5.1.3 Cotton yield and nutrients assimilation
5.1.4 Cotton yield, photosynthesis and leaf gas exchanges
5.1.5 Cotton planting in comparison between China and Pakistan
5.2 Conclusion
5.2.1 Cotton yield and its formation
5.2.2 Cotton nutrients utilization
5.2.3 Cotton photosynthesis
5.2.4 Comparison between China and Pakistan
5.3 Future perspectives
References
Publications
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
【参考文献】：
期刊论文
[1]Effect of N fertilization rate on soil alkalihydrolyzable N, subtending leaf N concentration,fiber yield, and quality of cotton[J]. Binglin Chen,Hongkun Yang,Weichao Song,Chunyu Liu,Jiao Xu,Wenqing Zhao,Zhiguo Zhou. The Crop Journal. 2016(04)
[2]对国家棉花产业政策调整的认识和建议[J]. 陈雪梅,张宏宝,董合忠. 中国棉花. 2015(02)
[3]种植密度对转基因棉氮、磷、钾吸收和利用的影响[J]. 徐娇,孟亚利,睢宁,宋为超,周治国. 植物营养与肥料学报. 2013(01)
[4]种植密度对棉花干物质、氮素累积与分配的影响[J]. 刘瑞显,史伟,徐立华,杨长琴,郭文琦,张培通. 江苏农业学报. 2011(02)
[5]氮肥施用策略对棉花干物质积累及产量构成的影响[J]. 汪玲,朱靖蓉,杨涛,王斌,陈宝燕,刘骅,许咏梅,马兴旺,赵德臣. 新疆农业科学. 2010(10)
[6]氮肥追施策略对棉花蕾铃脱落的影响[J]. 郭勇,马兴旺,杨涛,牛新湘,王斌,许咏梅,刘骅. 新疆农业科学. 2010(01)
[7]不同播期密度对超早熟短季抗虫棉群体性状的影响[J]. 唐光雷,李存东,孙传范,刘连涛,李东晓. 河北农业大学学报. 2010(01)
[8]膜下滴灌水氮对棉花根系构型的影响[J]. 谢志良,田长彦,卞卫国. 棉花学报. 2009(06)
[9]Nitrate Leaching in an Irrigated Wheat-Maize Rotation Field in the North China Plain[J]. ZHANG Yu-Ming, HU Chun-Sheng, ZHANG Jia-Bao, CHEN De-Li and LI Xiao-Xin Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021 (China) Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008 (China) Department of Resource Management and Horticulture, Institute of Land and Food Resource, the University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Victoria (Australia). Pedosphere. 2005(02)
[10]种植密度对新疆高产棉花群体光合作用、冠层结构及产量形成的影响[J]. 张旺锋,王振林,余松烈,李少昆,房建,童文崧. 植物生态学报. 2004(02)
本文编号：3592775
【文章来源】：华中农业大学湖北省 211工程院校 教育部直属院校
【文章页数】：106 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
Abstract
摘要
List of Abbreviations
Chapter 1: Review
1.1 Cotton production in C hina and Pakistan
1.1.1 Cotton production in C hina
1.1.2 Cotton production in Pakistan
1.2 Cotton yield formation in relation to nitrogen and plant density
1.2.1 Cotton yield response to nitrogen
1.2.2 Cotton yield response to plant density
1.3 Cotton phenology in relation to nitrogen and plant density
1.3.1 Cotton phenology in relation to nitrogen
1.3.2 Cotton phenology in relation to plant density
1.4 Cotton nutrients assimilation in relation to nitrogen and plant density
1.4.1 Cotton nutrients assimilation in relation to nitrogen
1.4.2 Cotton nutrients assimilation in relation to plant density
1.5 Cotton photosynthesis in relation to nitrogen and plant density
1.5.1 Cotton photosynthesis in relation to nitrogen
1.5.2 Cotton photosynthesis in relation to plant density
1.6 Nitrogen and plant density interaction on cotton yield formation
1.7 Objectives
1.8 Research project grant
Chapter 2: Effect of nitrogen and plant density on cotton yield formation and nitrogen utilization in Hubei C hina
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Materials and Methods
2.2.1 Experimental site
2.2.2 Experimental design and treatments
2.2.3 Crop management
2.3 Data collection
2.3.1 Weather data
2.3.2 Cotton growth and phenology
2.3.3 Crop growth rate
2.3.4 Cotton biomass
2.3.5 Cotton lint, seed cotton yield, harvest index and ratio of seed cotton to stalk
2.3.6 Cotton yield attributes
2.3.7 Total nitrogen contents at different growth stages
2.3.8 Soil sampling and nutrients determination procedure
2.3.9 Statistical analysis
2.4 Results
2.4.1 Cotton growth and phenology
2.4.2 Cotton biomass production
2.4.3 Cotton yield, ratio of seed cotton to stalk and harvest index
2.4.4 Cotton yield attributes
2.4.5 Total nitrogen contents in cotton
2.5 Discussion
2.6 Conclusion
Chapter 3: Effect of nitrogen and planting density on cotton photosynthesis traits in Hubei China
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Materials and Methods
3.2.1 Experimental site description
3.2.2 Experimental design and treatments
3.3 Data collection
3.3.1 Leaf area
3.3.2 Leaf area index
3.3.3 Relative water contents
3.3.4 Chlorophyll contents
3.3.5 Cotton leaf gas exchange and photosynthetic rate
3.3.6 Photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO_2, and water use efficiency at different growth stages
3.3.7 Statistical analysis
3.4 Results
3.4.1 Leaf gas exchange, photosynthetic rate and leaf area of 4t h leaf
3.4.2 Leaf gas exchange, photosynthetic rate, leaf area and leaf area index at whole plant
3.4.3 Regression analysis of leaf gas exchange, photosynthetic rate and seed cotton yield
3.4.4 Relative water contents (%) and chlorophyll contents
3.4.5 Photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO_2, and water use efficiency at different growth stages
3.5 Discussion
3.6 Conclusion
Chapter 4: Effect of nitrogen rate and planting density on cotton yield performance in Punjab Pakistan
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Materials and Methods
4.2.1 Description of experimental site
4.2.2 Experimental design
4.3 Sampling and measurement
4.3.1 Cotton growth
4.3.2 Cotton biomass
4.3.3 Cotton yield and yield attribute
4.3.4 Cotton fiber quality
4.3.5 Cotton plant total nitrogen determination
4.3.6 Chlorophyll contents
4.3.7 Statistical analysis
4.4 Results
4.4.1 Cotton phenolo gy
4.4.2 Cotton growth characteristics
4.4.3 Cotton yield and related traits
4.4.4 Cotton fiber quality and related traits
4.4.5 Cotton total nitrogen contents
4.4.6 Cotton chlorophyll contents
4.5 Discussion
4.6 Conclusion
Chapter 5: Discussion and conclusion
5.1 Discussion
5.1.1 Cotton yield and its formation
5.1.2 Cotton yield and its phenology
5.1.3 Cotton yield and nutrients assimilation
5.1.4 Cotton yield, photosynthesis and leaf gas exchanges
5.1.5 Cotton planting in comparison between China and Pakistan
5.2 Conclusion
5.2.1 Cotton yield and its formation
5.2.2 Cotton nutrients utilization
5.2.3 Cotton photosynthesis
5.2.4 Comparison between China and Pakistan
5.3 Future perspectives
References
Publications
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
【参考文献】：
期刊论文
[1]Effect of N fertilization rate on soil alkalihydrolyzable N, subtending leaf N concentration,fiber yield, and quality of cotton[J]. Binglin Chen,Hongkun Yang,Weichao Song,Chunyu Liu,Jiao Xu,Wenqing Zhao,Zhiguo Zhou. The Crop Journal. 2016(04)
[2]对国家棉花产业政策调整的认识和建议[J]. 陈雪梅,张宏宝,董合忠. 中国棉花. 2015(02)
[3]种植密度对转基因棉氮、磷、钾吸收和利用的影响[J]. 徐娇,孟亚利,睢宁,宋为超,周治国. 植物营养与肥料学报. 2013(01)
[4]种植密度对棉花干物质、氮素累积与分配的影响[J]. 刘瑞显,史伟,徐立华,杨长琴,郭文琦,张培通. 江苏农业学报. 2011(02)
[5]氮肥施用策略对棉花干物质积累及产量构成的影响[J]. 汪玲,朱靖蓉,杨涛,王斌,陈宝燕,刘骅,许咏梅,马兴旺,赵德臣. 新疆农业科学. 2010(10)
[6]氮肥追施策略对棉花蕾铃脱落的影响[J]. 郭勇,马兴旺,杨涛,牛新湘,王斌,许咏梅,刘骅. 新疆农业科学. 2010(01)
[7]不同播期密度对超早熟短季抗虫棉群体性状的影响[J]. 唐光雷,李存东,孙传范,刘连涛,李东晓. 河北农业大学学报. 2010(01)
[8]膜下滴灌水氮对棉花根系构型的影响[J]. 谢志良,田长彦,卞卫国. 棉花学报. 2009(06)
[9]Nitrate Leaching in an Irrigated Wheat-Maize Rotation Field in the North China Plain[J]. ZHANG Yu-Ming, HU Chun-Sheng, ZHANG Jia-Bao, CHEN De-Li and LI Xiao-Xin Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021 (China) Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008 (China) Department of Resource Management and Horticulture, Institute of Land and Food Resource, the University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Victoria (Australia). Pedosphere. 2005(02)
[10]种植密度对新疆高产棉花群体光合作用、冠层结构及产量形成的影响[J]. 张旺锋,王振林,余松烈,李少昆,房建,童文崧. 植物生态学报. 2004(02)
本文编号：3592775
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