中国大豆亚属皂角苷成分的研究
发布时间：2022-02-12 12:34
大豆[Glycine max（L.）Merr.]含有丰富的营养成分和许多对有益健康的生物活性物质,其中大豆皂角苷就是活性物质一种。目前一经发现超过100余种成分的大豆皂角苷,他们对人有益健康特性是由他们的糖苷配基和糖成分组成影响的。大豆皂角苷能够改善大豆风味和营养,因此在大豆营养育种上有极大的利用价值。然而,由于其A组皂角苷被认为是大豆食品加工中苦涩味的来源,所以育种除掉该成分也是个重要育种目标。野生大豆（Glycine soja Sieb.&Zucc.）是栽培大豆的祖先种,含有许多有用的基因和性状,是大豆育种的重要遗传资源。大豆Soja亚属的皂角苷在日本和韩国已经被研究,甚至有用的突变体也被应用于大豆育种。然而,中国大豆亚属的皂角苷成分情况仍然不清楚。为此,本研究目的就是（1）鉴定中国大豆亚属的皂角苷成分和遗传突变;（2）调查其遗传多样性和地理的分布;（3）测定其含量和（4）了解遗传变异水平和挖掘有用的基因资源,为将来提高大豆营养水平的育种服务。研究结果如下:1.使用薄层层析法（TLC）测定了来自中国各地的3805份野生大豆资源。结果鉴定出24个皂角苷成分,包括4个新发现的成...
【文章来源】：中国农业科学院北京市
【文章页数】：121 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
摘要
abstract
英文缩略表
1 Introduction
1.1 Soybean saponins
1.2 Chemical structures of group A saponins and their properties
1.3 Chemical structures of DDMP saponins and their properties
1.4 Chemical structures of group α saponins and their properties
1.5 Biosynthetic genes involved in soybean saponins
1.6 Utilization of the saponin mutants to the soybean breeding
1.7 Objective of this study
2 Seed saponin composition in Chinese wild soybeans
2.1 Objective
2.2 Materials and methods
2.2.1 Plant materials and chemicals
2.2.2 Saponin extraction from seed hypocotyls
2.2.3 Thin later chromatography (TLC) analysis
2.2.4 Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis
2.3 Results
2.3.1 Saponin composition and phenotypes
2.3.2 Identification of the novel phenotype Au Ae
2.3.3 Identification of the novel phenotypes A0 and A0Bc
2.3.4 Identification of three separate components of group α saponin H-αg, I-αg, and J-αg in different individuals of wild soybeans
2.3.5 Identification of a high-content group E saponin Bd
2.4 Discussion
2.4.1 Saponin compositional phenotypes in seed hypocotyls of Chinese wild soybean accessions
2.4.2 Possible polygenic mechanism for group α saponin biosynthesis
2.4.3 The significance of finding a rare, high Bd-accumulating accession
3 Chemical structural analysis of four new unknown saponin components identified in Chinese wild soybeans
3.1 Objective
3.2 Materials and methods
3.2.1 Seed materials and chemicals
3.2.2 Saponin extraction from seed hypocotyls
3.2.3 LC-high resolution (HR) MS and MS/MS analyses
3.2.4 Purification of new saponin A-αg and KA-αg
3.2.5 Acid hydrolysis of saponin extracts
3.3 Results
3.3.1 Chemical structural analysis of new saponin component K-αg
3.3.2 Chemical structural analysis of new saponin component HAb-αg
3.3.3 Resolution of chemical structures of new saponin components KA-αg and A-αg
3.4 Discussion
3.4.1 Existence of more saponin mutants identified in Chinese wild soybean accessions
3.4.2 The new saponin biosynthetic gene (Sg-7) controlling to bind an arabinose at the C-22 position of group A saponins
3.4.3 The denomination principles in the new systematic nomenclature for future findings of new saponin components
4 Analysis of relative saponin concentration in Chinese wild soybeans
4.1 Objective
4.2 Materials and methods
4.2.1 Plant materials
4.2.2 Sample extraction
4.2.3 LC-MS analysis
4.2.4 Determination of soybean saponin concentration
4.3 Results
4.3.1 Effluence time and relative concentration of saponins in seed extracts
4.3.2 Saponin concentration in seed hypocotyl extracts
4.3.3 Saponin concentration in seed cotyledon extracts
4.3.4 Comparison of saponin concentration between G. soja and G. gracilis types
4.4 Discussion
4.4.1 The ratios of saponin components in wild soybeans
4.4.2 There was a possible genetic regulation mechanism for group A expression
4.4.3 Useful gene resources for soybean breeding from viewpoint of saponin concentration
5 Genetic diversity and differentiation in geographical populations of Chinese wild soybeans
5.1 Objective
5.2 Materials and methods
5.2.1 Plant materials
5.2.2 Data analysis of diversity
5.3 Results
5.3.1 Frequencies of saponin phenotypes
5.3.2 Geographical distribution of saponin phenotypes
5.3.3 Geographically phenotypic diversity (I_p) of saponin composition
5.3.4 Frequencies and geographical distribution of saponin alleles
5.3.5 Gene diversity and differentiation of saponin alleles
5.3.6 Geographically genetic diversity of saponin alleles
5.3.7 Geographically genetic relationship in Chinese wild soybeans
5.4 Discussion
5.4.1 Geographical differentiation in Chinese wild soybeans
5.4.2 Phenotype distribution and geographical differentiation of saponin composition in East Asian wild soybeans
6 Sequence polymorphism of the Sg-1 gene in Chinese wild soybeans
6.1 Objective
6.2 Materials and methods
6.2.1 Plant materials
6.2.2 Gene sequence analysis of Sg-1 gene
6.3 Results
6.3.1 Sequence polymorphism of the Sg-1 gene
6.3.2 Diverse mechanisms for A0 type wild soybeans
6.3.3 Structural feature of the Sg-1 locus
6.4 Discussion
6.4.1 Characteristics and phylogenetic relationships of the polymorphic sequences between Sg-1a and Sg-1b alleles
6.4.2 Diverse mechanisms for A0 type
6.4.3 Spread and distribution of Sg-1 alleles in Chinese wild soybeans
7 Polymorphisms of saponin composition in Chinese cultivated soybeans
7.1 Objective
7.2 Materials and methods
7.2.1 Plant materials
7.2.2 Extraction and saponin analyses by TLC and LC-MS
7.2.3 Geographical regions and character types of seed materials
7.3 Results
7.3.1 Saponin composition and phenotypes
7.3.2 Frequencies and geographical distribution of saponin phenotypes in G. max
7.3.3 Allelic frequency at Sg-1 locus among different botanically qualitative and quantitative character types in Chinese soybeans
7.4 Discussion
7.4.1 Saponin composition with the significance of presence of the group ? saponins in Chinese soybeans
7.4.2 Alleles for soybean saponins in east Asia
7.4.3 Accumulation of Sg-1a allele, geographical distribution and origin of soybean…
8 Total discussions
8.1 Possible area of origin of soybeans in China
8.2 Potential useful saponin germplasm for breeding utilization
8.3 Putative biosynthetic pathways of soyasaponins
8.4 The epistasis of Sg-5 locus against Sg-1 and Sg-7 loci
9 Conclusion
9.1 Diversiform saponin composition and useful genetic variants in Chinese wild soybeans
9.2 Determination of four new saponin chemical structures in Chinese wild soybeans
9.3 Rich saponin content in Chinese wild soybeans
9.4 Geographically nonuniform genetic diversity and differentiation in Chinese wild soybeans
9.5 High sequence polymorphism at the Sg-1 locus in Chinese wild soybeans
9.6 Relatively low polymorphisms of saponin composition in Chinese cultivated soybeans and a possible area of origin for soybeans
9.7 Possible gene interaction and saponin biosynthetic pathways
References
Appendix
Acknowledgement
Author affiliation
【参考文献】：
期刊论文
[1]Genetic diversity center of cultivated soybean（Glycine max） in China——New insight and evidence for the diversity center of Chinese cultivated soybean[J]. WANG Li-xia,LIN Fan-yun,LI Lin-hai,LI Wei,YAN Zhe,LUAN Wei-jiang,PIAO Ri-hua,GUAN Yuan,NING Xue-cheng,ZHU Li,MA Yan-song,DONG Zhi-min,ZHANG Hai-yan,ZHANG Yue-qiang,GUAN Rong-xia,LI Ying-hui,LIU Zhang-xiong,CHANG Ru-zhen,QIU Li-juan. Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2016(11)
[2]中国野生大豆的遗传多样性和生态特异性分析[J]. 丁艳来,赵团结,盖钧镒. 生物多样性. 2008(02)
[3]中国栽培大豆和野生大豆不同生态类型群体间遗传演化关系的研究[J]. 盖钧镒,许东河,高忠,岛本义也,阿部纯,福士泰史,北岛俊二. 作物学报. 2000(05)
[4]野生大豆遗传多样性研究Ⅰ4个天然居群等位酶水平的分析[J]. 裴颜龙,王岚,葛颂,王连铮. 大豆科学. 1996(04)
[5]同工酶水平上野生大豆种群内分化的研究[J]. 李军,陶芸,郑师章,周纪纶. 植物学报. 1995(09)
[6]大豆起源及其演化研究[J]. 李福山. 大豆科学. 1994(01)
[7]大豆起源地的三个新论据[J]. 徐豹,郑惠玉,路琴华,赵述文,邹淑华,胡志昂. 大豆科学. 1986(02)
本文编号：3621728
【文章来源】：中国农业科学院北京市
【文章页数】：121 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
摘要
abstract
英文缩略表
1 Introduction
1.1 Soybean saponins
1.2 Chemical structures of group A saponins and their properties
1.3 Chemical structures of DDMP saponins and their properties
1.4 Chemical structures of group α saponins and their properties
1.5 Biosynthetic genes involved in soybean saponins
1.6 Utilization of the saponin mutants to the soybean breeding
1.7 Objective of this study
2 Seed saponin composition in Chinese wild soybeans
2.1 Objective
2.2 Materials and methods
2.2.1 Plant materials and chemicals
2.2.2 Saponin extraction from seed hypocotyls
2.2.3 Thin later chromatography (TLC) analysis
2.2.4 Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis
2.3 Results
2.3.1 Saponin composition and phenotypes
2.3.2 Identification of the novel phenotype Au Ae
2.3.3 Identification of the novel phenotypes A0 and A0Bc
2.3.4 Identification of three separate components of group α saponin H-αg, I-αg, and J-αg in different individuals of wild soybeans
2.3.5 Identification of a high-content group E saponin Bd
2.4 Discussion
2.4.1 Saponin compositional phenotypes in seed hypocotyls of Chinese wild soybean accessions
2.4.2 Possible polygenic mechanism for group α saponin biosynthesis
2.4.3 The significance of finding a rare, high Bd-accumulating accession
3 Chemical structural analysis of four new unknown saponin components identified in Chinese wild soybeans
3.1 Objective
3.2 Materials and methods
3.2.1 Seed materials and chemicals
3.2.2 Saponin extraction from seed hypocotyls
3.2.3 LC-high resolution (HR) MS and MS/MS analyses
3.2.4 Purification of new saponin A-αg and KA-αg
3.2.5 Acid hydrolysis of saponin extracts
3.3 Results
3.3.1 Chemical structural analysis of new saponin component K-αg
3.3.2 Chemical structural analysis of new saponin component HAb-αg
3.3.3 Resolution of chemical structures of new saponin components KA-αg and A-αg
3.4 Discussion
3.4.1 Existence of more saponin mutants identified in Chinese wild soybean accessions
3.4.2 The new saponin biosynthetic gene (Sg-7) controlling to bind an arabinose at the C-22 position of group A saponins
3.4.3 The denomination principles in the new systematic nomenclature for future findings of new saponin components
4 Analysis of relative saponin concentration in Chinese wild soybeans
4.1 Objective
4.2 Materials and methods
4.2.1 Plant materials
4.2.2 Sample extraction
4.2.3 LC-MS analysis
4.2.4 Determination of soybean saponin concentration
4.3 Results
4.3.1 Effluence time and relative concentration of saponins in seed extracts
4.3.2 Saponin concentration in seed hypocotyl extracts
4.3.3 Saponin concentration in seed cotyledon extracts
4.3.4 Comparison of saponin concentration between G. soja and G. gracilis types
4.4 Discussion
4.4.1 The ratios of saponin components in wild soybeans
4.4.2 There was a possible genetic regulation mechanism for group A expression
4.4.3 Useful gene resources for soybean breeding from viewpoint of saponin concentration
5 Genetic diversity and differentiation in geographical populations of Chinese wild soybeans
5.1 Objective
5.2 Materials and methods
5.2.1 Plant materials
5.2.2 Data analysis of diversity
5.3 Results
5.3.1 Frequencies of saponin phenotypes
5.3.2 Geographical distribution of saponin phenotypes
5.3.3 Geographically phenotypic diversity (I_p) of saponin composition
5.3.4 Frequencies and geographical distribution of saponin alleles
5.3.5 Gene diversity and differentiation of saponin alleles
5.3.6 Geographically genetic diversity of saponin alleles
5.3.7 Geographically genetic relationship in Chinese wild soybeans
5.4 Discussion
5.4.1 Geographical differentiation in Chinese wild soybeans
5.4.2 Phenotype distribution and geographical differentiation of saponin composition in East Asian wild soybeans
6 Sequence polymorphism of the Sg-1 gene in Chinese wild soybeans
6.1 Objective
6.2 Materials and methods
6.2.1 Plant materials
6.2.2 Gene sequence analysis of Sg-1 gene
6.3 Results
6.3.1 Sequence polymorphism of the Sg-1 gene
6.3.2 Diverse mechanisms for A0 type wild soybeans
6.3.3 Structural feature of the Sg-1 locus
6.4 Discussion
6.4.1 Characteristics and phylogenetic relationships of the polymorphic sequences between Sg-1a and Sg-1b alleles
6.4.2 Diverse mechanisms for A0 type
6.4.3 Spread and distribution of Sg-1 alleles in Chinese wild soybeans
7 Polymorphisms of saponin composition in Chinese cultivated soybeans
7.1 Objective
7.2 Materials and methods
7.2.1 Plant materials
7.2.2 Extraction and saponin analyses by TLC and LC-MS
7.2.3 Geographical regions and character types of seed materials
7.3 Results
7.3.1 Saponin composition and phenotypes
7.3.2 Frequencies and geographical distribution of saponin phenotypes in G. max
7.3.3 Allelic frequency at Sg-1 locus among different botanically qualitative and quantitative character types in Chinese soybeans
7.4 Discussion
7.4.1 Saponin composition with the significance of presence of the group ? saponins in Chinese soybeans
7.4.2 Alleles for soybean saponins in east Asia
7.4.3 Accumulation of Sg-1a allele, geographical distribution and origin of soybean…
8 Total discussions
8.1 Possible area of origin of soybeans in China
8.2 Potential useful saponin germplasm for breeding utilization
8.3 Putative biosynthetic pathways of soyasaponins
8.4 The epistasis of Sg-5 locus against Sg-1 and Sg-7 loci
9 Conclusion
9.1 Diversiform saponin composition and useful genetic variants in Chinese wild soybeans
9.2 Determination of four new saponin chemical structures in Chinese wild soybeans
9.3 Rich saponin content in Chinese wild soybeans
9.4 Geographically nonuniform genetic diversity and differentiation in Chinese wild soybeans
9.5 High sequence polymorphism at the Sg-1 locus in Chinese wild soybeans
9.6 Relatively low polymorphisms of saponin composition in Chinese cultivated soybeans and a possible area of origin for soybeans
9.7 Possible gene interaction and saponin biosynthetic pathways
References
Appendix
Acknowledgement
Author affiliation
【参考文献】：
期刊论文
[1]Genetic diversity center of cultivated soybean（Glycine max） in China——New insight and evidence for the diversity center of Chinese cultivated soybean[J]. WANG Li-xia,LIN Fan-yun,LI Lin-hai,LI Wei,YAN Zhe,LUAN Wei-jiang,PIAO Ri-hua,GUAN Yuan,NING Xue-cheng,ZHU Li,MA Yan-song,DONG Zhi-min,ZHANG Hai-yan,ZHANG Yue-qiang,GUAN Rong-xia,LI Ying-hui,LIU Zhang-xiong,CHANG Ru-zhen,QIU Li-juan. Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2016(11)
[2]中国野生大豆的遗传多样性和生态特异性分析[J]. 丁艳来,赵团结,盖钧镒. 生物多样性. 2008(02)
[3]中国栽培大豆和野生大豆不同生态类型群体间遗传演化关系的研究[J]. 盖钧镒,许东河,高忠,岛本义也,阿部纯,福士泰史,北岛俊二. 作物学报. 2000(05)
[4]野生大豆遗传多样性研究Ⅰ4个天然居群等位酶水平的分析[J]. 裴颜龙,王岚,葛颂,王连铮. 大豆科学. 1996(04)
[5]同工酶水平上野生大豆种群内分化的研究[J]. 李军,陶芸,郑师章,周纪纶. 植物学报. 1995(09)
[6]大豆起源及其演化研究[J]. 李福山. 大豆科学. 1994(01)
[7]大豆起源地的三个新论据[J]. 徐豹,郑惠玉,路琴华,赵述文,邹淑华,胡志昂. 大豆科学. 1986(02)
本文编号：3621728
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