鲤（Cyprinus carpio L.）重要性状的数量性状位点（QTL）测定

发布时间：2024-01-05 17:44

　　由于过度捕捞、人为活动导致的全球气候变化等原因，自然界的水生生物资源急剧减少；另一方面，水产蛋白的需求不断增加。资源缺乏和全球人口的增长是粮食安全面临的重大挑战。因此节约资源和提高产量成为科研人员的重要研究课题。水产养殖是一种发展中的技术，为了满足市场的需求，每年水产品产量达数百万吨。目前水产养殖行业面临着许多问题，如生长速度慢、饲料转化率低和病害严重等，影响了水生生物产量。近几十年来通过常规育种的方法来提高产量，对重要性状有一定的改善。但是传统方法的缺点是费时、费力，影响了育种的效率。随着DNA测序技术的发展，在较短时间内获得分子标记并用于经济性状的改善成为可能，即分子标记辅助选择育种（MAS）。MAS需要预知性状相关的基因或调控该基因的位点和DNA序列。该技术已被应用于许多品种的养殖业，已在鲑鱼和罗非鱼的育种中有了显著的进展。鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio L.)是一种重要的水产养殖物种,有超过四千年的养殖历史。 DNA测序的进步和分子标记的发掘促进了鲤鱼遗传资源的快速发展，特别是遗传连锁图谱的构建。遗传连锁图作为基本的工具，主要是为了解控制重要性状的基因或位点，与经济性状相...

【文章页数】：154 页

【学位级别】：博士

【文章目录】：
EPIGRAPH
ABSTRACT
摘要
CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLES
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
    1.1 Introduction
    1.2 Reference
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
    2.1 Back ground
    2.2 Discovery of Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
    2.3 Development of molecular markers
        2.3.1 Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)
        2.3.2 Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)
        2.3.3 Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP)
        2.3.4 Simple sequence repeat (SSR)
        2.3.5 Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)
    2.4 Genetic Linkage Mapping
        2.4.1 Resources for construction genetic maps
    2.5 Linkage mapping in aquaculture
    2.6 Mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL)
        2.6.1 Qualitative traits
            a) Color
            b) LDH and SOD
            c) Sex
            d) Diseases resistance
            e) Stress response
            f) Temperature tolerance
        2.6.2 Quantitative traits
            a) Meristic
            b) Body length
            c) Body size
            d) Body weight
            e) Embryonic development
            f) Fat percentage and distribution
            g) Feed conversion ratio (FCR)
            h) Fecundity
            i) Growth rate
            j) Hatch time
            k) Spawning time
    2.7 Fish Genetics
    2.8 Marker-assisted selection breeding
    2.9 Common carp
    2.10 Summary
    2.11 References
CHAPTER 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS
    3.1 Source of Population
    3.2 Trait measurement
        3.2.1 Population 1
        3.2.2 Population 2
        3.2.3 Population 3
    3.3 DNA sampling and isolation
    3.4 Development of molecular markers
        3.4.1 Microsatellite markers
        3.4.2 Single nucleotide polymorphism
    3.5 Genotyping
    3.6 Construction of genetic linkage map
    3.7 Mapping Quantitative trait loci (QTL)
    3.8 Statistical analysis
    3.9 References
CHAPTER 4 MAPPING QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI (QTL) FOR BODY WEIGHT, LENGTH AND CONDITION FACTOR TRAITS IN BACKCROSS (BC1) FAMILY OF COMMON CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO L.)
    4.1 Introduction
    4.2 Materials and methods
        4.2.1 Source of population and traits
        4.2.2 DNA extraction
        4.2.3 Microsatellite and SNP genotyping
        4.2.4 Construction of genetic map
        4.2.5 QTL analysis in Population
    4.3 Results
        4.3.1 Traits measurement
        4.3.2 Linkage map
        4.3.3 QTL mapping
        4.3.4 Statistical analysis
    4.4 Discussion
    4.5 Summary
    4.6 References
CHAPTER 5 QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI (QTL) ASSOCIATED WITH GROWTH-RATE TRAIT IN COMMON CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO L.)
    5.1 Introduction
    5.2 Material and methods
        5.2.1 Source of population and traits
        5.2.2 DNA extraction
        5.2.3 Microsatellite and SNP genotyping
        5.2.4 Construction of genetic map
        5.2.5 QTL analysis in population
    5.3 Results
        5.3.1 Trait measurement
        5.3.2 Linkage map
        5.3.3 QTL mapping
    5.4 Discussion
    5.5 Summery
    5.6 Reference
CHAPTER 6 MAPPING QTLs FOR SWIMMING ABILITY RELATED TRAITS IN COMMON CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO L.)
    6.1 Introduction
    6.2 Material and method
        6.2.1 Source of population and traits
        6.2.2 DNA extraction
        6.2.3 Microsatellite and SNP genotyping
        6.2.4 Construction of genetic map
        6.2.5 QTL analysis in population
    6.3 Results
        6.3.1 Trait measurement
        6.3.2 Linkage map
        6.3.3 QTL mapping
        6.3.4 Statistical analysis
    6.4 Discussion
    6.5 Summery
    6.6 Reference
CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS



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